Landmarks, Lengths, breadths and girths

Question 1

What is a standardisation?

Answer 1

• Standardisation means there is a specific procedure for carrying out a measurement

Question 2

Anatomical description: Sagittal plane?

Answer 2

Divides the body in two lateral parts from the midline

Structures of the body towards the midline are referred as to “medial”

Body structures towards the sides are referred as “lateral”

Question 3

Anatomical description: Frontal plane?

Answer 3

Divides the body in anterior & posterior

Structures of the body towards the front are referred as to “anterior”

Body structures towards the back are referred as “posterior”

Question 4

Anatomical description: Transverse plane?

Answer 4

Divides the body into superior and inferior

Structures of the body towards the head are referred as to “superior”

Body structures towards the feet are referred as “inferior”

Question 5

Anatomical description: Anatomical terms can be combined to concretely specify an anatomical feature?

Answer 5

• Anteroinferior
• Anterolateral
• Posteromedial
• Posterosuperior

Question 6

Surface anatomy and landmarks: Branch of gross anatomy?

Answer 6

1. Outward appearance

2. Markings & features (landmarks)

Question 7

Surface anatomy and landmarks: surface anatomy techniques?

Answer 7

• Observation

* Palpation (landmarks)

Question 8

Surface anatomy and landmarks: Landmarks?

Answer 8

Identifiable skeletal points on the surface of the body which are important for measurement protocols

Identify the exact location for an anatomical measurement

Question 9

Surface anatomy and landmarks: how to identify a landmark?

Answer 9

1. Read the instructions & understand what it is being told in the handbook#
2. Identify location (landmarks are normally carried out on the right hand
   side of the body)
3. Palpate surface using either thumb or index finger
4. Remove fingers and relocate landmark making sure there is no distortion
   of the skin
5. Mark using a dermographic pen
6. Re-check landmark has been located properly

Question 10

Surface anatomy and landmarks: how to identify a landmark: practical exercise?

Answer 10

Identifying Radial landmark

The point at the proximal and
lateral border of the head of the radius.

Question 11

Surface anatomy and landmarks: Tips and Tasks?

Answer 11

1. Number the landmarks (Table 4.1) on Figure 4.1
2. Read through all landmarks and create your own table using your own
   words.
3. Try to locate some landmarks on yourself or on one of your housemates.

Question 12

Lengths?

Answer 12

Measurement or extent of something from end to end

Measurement on the longitudinal axis

Lengths & heights

Question 13

Lengths: length and heights?

Answer 13

Lengths:
Longitudinal measurement
from end to end

Heights:d
Vertical distance from the
floor to a specified
landmark

Question 14

Lengths: equipment:

Answer 14

Metre rule
- Heights

Extended caliper
- Lengths

Tape measure
- Arm span

Question 15

What is breadths?

Answer 15

Distance or measurement of something from side to side

Question 16

Breadths: equipment?

Answer 16

Sliding caliper
- Limb measurements

Extended caliper
- Trunk measurements

Question 17

what is girths?

Answer 17

Anatomical circumferences

Question 18

Girths: equipment?

Answer 18

Tape measure