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AP Government > Landmark Cases > Flashcards

Landmark Cases Flashcards

1
Q

Brown vs Board of Education

A
  • school protection
  • equal protection
  • class action suit w/ linda brown
  • overturned seperate but equal
  • Warren Court
  • unanimous decision w/ brown
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2
Q

Dred Scott vs Sanford

A
  • Dred scott purchased in missouri and then brought to free state of illinois
  • master died, scott sued widow b/c he said he was a free man
  • 7-2 decision w/ sanford
  • decided that african americans were not citizens as defined by constitution, so they had no jurisdiction
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3
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A
  • ogden had monopoly of steamships granted by ny
  • gibbons wanted to also operate steamships, arguing that only Congress was given power of interstate commerce in the constitution
  • unanimous decision w/ gibbons
  • state rights, commerce clause
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4
Q

Gideon vs Wainwright

A
  • right to counsel, due process
  • gideon accused of burglary, denied lawyer even after asking
  • was sent to prison
  • wrote letter to supreme court and gave him forma pauperis, allowing him to file for free
  • voted unanimously in his favor, 6th amendment always applied
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5
Q

Hazelwood vs Kuhlmeier

A
  • At Hazelwood high school, students made newspaper and the principal looked over it
  • saw 2 possibly offensive articles and pulled them out so they could make the deadline
  • censorsihp, student press rights

5-3 kuhlmeier, 1st amendment does not prevent schools from exercising reasonable authority

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6
Q

Korematsu vs US

A
  • after pearl harbor, japanese rounded and sent to camps, etc.
  • korematsu was japanese and challenged, saying that they did not have the power to discriminate based on race
  • 6-3 w/ U.S., ,Pres and Congress did followed constitution, did not violate 14 amendment
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7
Q

Mapp vs Ohio

A
  • Dollree Mapp was suspected of hiding a suspect in a bombing
  • went to her house, but denied acces b/c there was no warrant
  • after, they came back holding a normal sheet of paper and handcuffed her, searched her house finding porn.

5-3 w/ mapp

-courts exclude evidence obtained in violation of constitution’s ban on unreasonable searches

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8
Q

Marbury vs Madison

A
  • Marbury wanted to make the Supreme Court give him a job according to the Judiciary Act of 1789
  • judicial review, federalism
  • unanimous decision that Madison did not have to deliver the job
  • they found that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstiutional
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9
Q

McChullo

A
  • State of Maryland tried to close branch of Bank of US making it pay $15000, but they wouldn’t pay it
  • unanimous in favor of McCulloch
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10
Q

Miranda vs Arizona

A
  • self incrimination, due process
  • ernesto miranda confessed to a crime w/out being told of his 5th amendment right to remain silent or 6th, right to a lawyer
  • 5-4 w/ miranda
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11
Q

New Jersey vs T.L.O.

A
  • student search and seizure
  • T.L.O. was smoking in the restroom and caught, and had to turn over her purse w/ marijuana
  • 6-3 w/ New Jersey/school
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12
Q

Plessy vs. Ferguson

A
  • Seperate Car Act, plessy sat in white section and arrested.
  • seperate but equal=legal
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13
Q

Regents of the U.Cal vs. Bakke

A
  • U C. had admissions program based on race
  • Bakke rejected, even w/ higher scores than minorities
  • race can be taken into account, but cannot be given automatic advantage
  • burger court
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14
Q

Roe vs Wade

A

Jane Roe wanted to contest the rules against abortions,saying it violated theFourteenth Amendment, which provides equal protection of the laws and a guarantee of personal liberty, and a woman’s right to privacy implicitly guaranteed in the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments

-7-2 w/ roe

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15
Q

Texas vs Johnson

A
  • johnson set the flag on fire during a protest against reagan
  • 5-4 johnson
  • rehnquist court
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16
Q

Schenck v. United States

A
  • upheld espionage act of 1917
  • established “clear and present danger” test
  • 1st amendment did not apply as much during times of war
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17
Q

West Virginia Board of Ed. v. Barnette

A
  • overruled minersville school district v. gobitis
  • free speech allows students to not salute the american flag or say the pledge
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18
Q

Brandenburg v. Ohio

A
  • gov CANNOT constitutionally punish advocacy of a violation unless speech is likely to incite “imminent lawleess action
  • Warren court
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19
Q

Tinker v. Des Moines

A
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20
Q

NY Times v. Sullivan

A
  • established criteria for malice standard of public officals/firures
  • supports freedom of the press
  • must prove that publisher knew the statement was falt and acted recklessly
  • Warren Court
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21
Q

NY Times COmpany v. U.S.

A
  • allowed Washington post and NY TImes to publish Pentagon papers w/out gov. censorship
  • 1st amendment did protect rights to publish document that could possibly reveal secret documents
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22
Q

Engel v. Vitale

A
  • unconstitutional for state to make school prayer/encourage recitation in public schools
  • 1st amendment
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23
Q

Lemon v. Kurtzman

A
  • religious schools can receive funding for secular purposes
  • created three-prong test for determining legislation regarding religion
  • -must have secular legislative purpose
  • -not have the primary effect of advanceing/inhibiting religion
  • -no excessive gov. entanglement
24
Q

Lynch v. Donnelly

A
  • questioned legality of christian decorations on public property
  • did not advocate religious message and had “legitimate secular purposes”

–burger

25
Q

McCreary County v. ACLU

A
  • 10 commandments displayed in courthouses and public schools
  • violated 1st amendment establishment clause
26
Q

Van Orden v. Perry

A
  • 10 commandments on monument in texas state capitol
  • constitutional
  • rehnquist
27
Q

Reynolds v. U.S.

A

utah +polygamy=no

religious duty is not a defense to criminal indictment

28
Q

Sherbert v.Verner

A
  • gov must present compelling government interest before denying unemployment compensation to someone who was fired b/c it conflicted w/ religion
  • warren
29
Q

Employment Division v. Smith

A
  • state could fire people for using peyote, even if it was a religious practice
  • rehnquist
30
Q

Furman v. Georgia

A

-requirement for constistency in the application of the death penalty

31
Q

Griswold v. Connecticut

A
  • right to privacy
  • connecticut law prohibited use of contraceptives, but invalidated b/c it violated “right to martial privacy”
  • warren
32
Q

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

A
  • constitutionality of pennsylvania regulations on abortion
  • constitutional right to an abortion
33
Q

Lawrence and Garner v. Texas

A

-gay sex okay b/c equal protection clause

34
Q

Barron v. Baltimore

A

-B.O.R. applies only to the federal government

35
Q

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

A

-gay sex okay b/c equal protection clause

36
Q

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

A
  • medical school and university of california was unconstitutional b/c they had a quota for minorities
  • race cannot be used as a factor to exclude aplicant
37
Q

Gratz v. Bollinger

A

rehnquist

university of michigan automatically gave20 points to minorities

  • diversity contributions of applicants cannot be individually assessed” and was therefore unconstitutional.
38
Q

Grutter v. Bollinger

A
  • upheld university of michigan law school affirmative action policy
  • had compelling interest in promoting class diversity
39
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A
  • maryland tried to tax all notes not chartered in maryland
  • constitution grants congress implied powers for implementing expressed powers
  • state may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government
  • marshall
40
Q

Hammer v. Dagenhart

A

-congress does not have the power to regulate commerce of goods that are manufactured by children and the keating owen act of 1916 was unconstitutional

41
Q

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.

A

-Congress could use Commerce Clause to force private businesses to abide by the Civil rights act of 1964

42
Q

U.S. v. Lopez

A
  • 1st case since new deal to set limits to congress’s power under commerce clause
  • limited carrying of handguns
43
Q

Printz v. U.S.

A

-established unconstitutionality of certain provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

44
Q

U.S. v. Morrison

A

-parts of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 were unconstitutional because they exceeded congressional power under the Commerce Clause

45
Q

Gonzales v. Raich

A

-Commerce Clause may criminalize growing of pot

46
Q

Buckley v. Valeo

A

struck down several provisions in the 1974 Amendment to a law that limited campaign expenditures, independent expenditures by individuals and groups, and expenditures by a candidate from personal funds. The Court upheld the provision which sets limits on individuals’ campaign contributions.

47
Q

McConnell v. Federal Election Commission

A

-upheld constitutionality of McCain Feingold Act

rehnquist

48
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A
49
Q

Bush v. Gore

A
50
Q

Baker v. Carr

A
51
Q

U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton

A
52
Q

Youngtwon Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer

A
53
Q

U.S. v. Nixon

A
54
Q

Clinton v. New York

A
55
Q
A

AP Government (8 decks)

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