LANDFORMS AND THEIR EVOLUTION Flashcards
type of plain forming as a result of
stream erosion is called a
peneplain
The divides between drainage basins are likewise lowered until they are almost completely flattened leaving finally, a lowland of faint relief with some low resistant remnants called
monadnocks
aterfalls and rapids may exist in this stage
youth
Streams divides are broad and flat with marshes, swamp and lakes in this stage
youth
Erosional landforms by running water
Valleys, Potholes and Plunge Pools ,Incised or Entrenched Meanders, River Terraces
DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS
Alluvial Fans, Deltas Floodplains, Natural Levees and Point Bars Meanders Braided Channels
a deep valley with very steep to straight sides
gorge
steep step-like side slope
Canyon
But very deep and wide meandersb can also be found cut in hard rocks
Incised or Entrenched Meanders
basically products of erosion as they result due to vertical erosion by the stream into its own depositional floodplain
River Terraces
This load becomes too heavyn for the streams to be carried over gentler gradients and gets dumped and spread as a broad low to high cone shaped deposit called
alluvial fan
In meanders there is active
deposition along the
convex bank
In meanders there is active undercutting along the
concave bank.
Any limestone or dolomitic region
showing typical landforms produced by the
action of groundwater through the processes
of solution and deposition is called
Karst
topography
EROSIONAL LANDFORMS for groundwater
Pools, Sinkholes, Lapies and
Limestone Pavements, caves
Depositional Landforms for groundwater
Stalactites, Stalagmites and Pillars
Small to medium sized round to sub-rounded
shallow depressions called
swallow holes
is an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shapped towards nthe bottom
Sink hole
The term is sometimes used to refer the collapse sink
doline
when sink holes and doline join , long,
narrow to wide trenches called
valley sinks or Uvalas form.
rise up from the floor of the caves.
Stalagmites
Alkapuri glacier
feeds waters to river.
Alakananda river.
EROSIONAL LANDFORMS due to glaciers
Cirque, Horns and Serrated Ridges, Glacial Valleys/Troughs, aretes
Depositional Landforms due to glaciers
Eskers, Moraines , Outwash Plains, Drumlins
They are deep, long and wide troughs or basins with
very steep concave to vertically dropping high
walls at its head as well as sides
Cirque
lake of watercan be seen quite often within the cirques after the glacier disappears
tarn lakes
trough-like and U-shaped with broad floors and relatively smooth, and steep sides.
Glacial Valleys
Very deep glacial troughs filled with sea water and
making up shorelines (in high latitudes) are
called
fjords/fiords.
The unassorted coarse and fine debris dropped
by the melting glaciers is called
glacial till
They are long ridges of deposits of glacial til
Moraines
Very coarse materials like boulders and blocks along with some minor fractions of rock debris carried into this stream settle in the valley of ice beneath the glacier and after the ice melts can be found as a
sinuous ridge called
esker
smooth oval shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till with some masses of gravel and sand.
Drumlins
give an indication of direction of
glacier movement
Drumlins
Stoss and tail are parts of
Drumlins
high, rocky coasts (
(submerged coasts);
low, smooth and gently sloping
sedimentary coasts
(emerged coasts
Erosion features dominate in
(submerged coasts);
Marshes and swaps are bound along
(emerged coasts
depositional features dominate in
(emerged coasts
EROSIONAL LANDFORMS due to wave current
Cliffs, Terraces, Caves and Stacks
DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS due to wave current
Beaches and Dunes, Bars, Barriers and Spits
Platforms occurring at elevations above the
average height of waves is called
a wave-cut terrace.
Deflation includes
lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks
EROSIONAL LANDFORMS due to wind
Pediments and Pediplains, Playas, Deflation Hollows and Caves, mushroom table and pedestal rocks,
Gently inclined rocky floors close to the mountains at their foot with or without a thin cover of debris, are called
pediments
inselberg is a
.
remnant of the mountain
The playab plain covered up by salts is called
alkali flats
Crescent shaped dunes called with the points or wings directed away from wind direction
barchans
Parabolic dunes form when n
sandy surfaces are partially covered
with vegetation are are opposite of barchans
Longitudinal dunes form when
supply of sand is poor and wind
direction is constant
These dunes form when the
wind direction is constant and the source of
sand is an elongated feature at right angles to
the wind direction.
Transverse dunes
