Landforms and Coast

Question 1

Swash

Answer 1

The act of the waves crashing up against the beach

Question 2

Backswash

Answer 2

The act of waves pulling away from the beach transporting sediment

Question 3

Fetch

Answer 3

Distance travelled between waves

Question 4

What is solution

Answer 4

Weak acids in the water eventually erode the soluble rock at the coast over time

Question 5

Attrition

Answer 5

Sediments and rocks in the water are thrown against the coast eventually wearing it down over time

Question 6

Abrasion

Answer 6

When rocks and pebbles grind against the coast wearing it down like sandpaper

Question 7

Hydraulic action

Answer 7

Water crashes against the coast seeping through the cracks causing the air to break the rock.

Question 8

How is a bay formed

Answer 8

When softer rocks are eroded causing a curve in-between two headlands

Question 9

What’s a spit

Answer 9

Long narrow finger of sand or shingle pointing out into the sea from the shore

Question 10

Direction of Longshore drift

Answer 10

Direction of longshore drift depends on the angle of the wind

Question 11

Prevailing wind

Answer 11

Opposite angle of where the wind is blowing

Question 12

Process which sediment is transported along a coast

Answer 12

Longshore drift

Question 13

Deposition

Answer 13

When waves drop the sediment they are carrying either due to a loss of energy or a change in direction

Question 14

Arch, Stack, Stump

Answer 14

1. Waves at the bottom of the cliffs force a crack into the cliff
2. The crack eventually widens into a cave
3. Erosion from both sides of the cave erode the cave completely causing an arch
4. The arch collapses due to weathering and forms a stack
5. The Stack is then eroded a way therefore forming a stump

Question 15

Beaches

Answer 15

1. Pebbles and rock is eroded down into fine grains of sand
2. The sediments are transported by constructive waves which have a stronger swash than backwash therefore it doesn’t bring back the sediment.
3. These are transported into the bays and a beach is formed

Question 16

Bays

Answer 16

1. Bays are formed when softer rock such as clay is eroded away in-between two sections of hard rock (headlands)

Question 17

Solution (Transportation)

Answer 17

When pebbles and rocks are dissolved in the sea water and are carried a long the waves

Question 18

Suspension

Answer 18

When small rocks and grains are suspended in the flow of water

Question 19

Saltation

Answer 19

When small pieces of shingle and pebbles are bounced a long the sea bed

Question 20

Traction

Answer 20

Where pebbles and larger rocks are carried down the sea bed

Question 21

Sea Wall

Answer 21

Advantages - Effective at protecting the cliff base
- Normally have promenades so people can walk along them

Disadvantages - Still able to be eroded by the waves

                    - Expensive

Question 22

Rock Armor

Answer 22

Advantages - Cheaper and easier to maintain than a sea wall

                - Can be used for fishing 

Disadvantages - Looks unusual and can ruin the aesthetic

                    - Can be hard to be transported

Question 23

Gabions

Answer 23

Advantages - Cheap

                 -  Absorbs the wave energy 

Disadvantages - Not very strong

                    -Looks unnatual

Question 24

Groynes

Answer 24

Advantages - Builds a beach therefore increasing tourism

               -Helps stop the transport of sediment by longshore drift

Disadvantages - Looks ugly

                    - Starves the beach further down

of sediment therefore increasing erosion

Question 25

Beach Nourishment

Answer 25

Advantages - Blends in to the beach

Disadvantages - Needs to be replaced frequently

                    - Sand needs to be brought in from elsewhere

Question 26

Reprofilling

Answer 26

Helps abort wave energy
Cheap

Only works when eave energy is low
Needs to be replaced constantly

Question 27

Managed retreat

Answer 27

Advantages - Cheap

                -Creates salt marshes

Disadvantages - Land is lost

                    -Landowners need to be compensated can be from 5000-10000