Land Use -Facts,people,books&places

Question 1

National Wetlands Inventory Program (NWI)

Answer 1

has been producing wetland maps and geospatial wetland data for the United States since the mid-1970s. The focus on the program has been on two fronts: 1) map or digital database preparation and delivery to the public, and 2) projecting and reporting on national wetland trends using a probability-based sampling design. The status of mapping has been made available through various media throughout the program’s 30-year history (e.g., state atlases, regional status maps, and now through the internet via the Wetlands Mapper online tool).

Question 2

Wetlands

Answer 2

provide a multitude of ecological, economic and social benefits. They provide habitat for fish, wildlife and a variety of plants. Wetlands are nurseries for many saltwater and freshwater fishes and shellfish of commercial and recreational importance. Wetlands are also important landscape features because they hold and slowly release flood water and snow melt, recharge groundwater, recycle nutrients, and provide recreation and wildlife viewing opportunities for millions of people.

Question 3

Natural Resources Conservation Service NRCS

Answer 3

formerly Soil Conservation Service (SCS) 1935. Ensures private lands are conserved, restored, and more resilient to environmental challenges, like climate change.
70% of the land in the United States is privately owned.

Question 4

Plan for Annapolis (Maryland)

Answer 4

1695, Nicholson

Question 5

Plan for Savannah

Answer 5

1733, Oglethorpe

Question 6

Plan for Washington D.C

Answer 6

1791, L’Enfant

Question 7

City Beautiful

Answer 7

1890s-1900s-introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities mainly in Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit & Washington DC. Jane Jacobs referred to the movement as an “architectural design cult”.

Question 8

Central Park in NYC

Answer 8

1851, Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr. & Calvert Vaux

Question 9

1st Department Store

Answer 9

1868, Salt Lake City

Question 10

1st suburban community

Answer 10

1869, Riverside, IL

Question 11

1st National Park

Answer 11

1872, Yellowstone National Park

Question 12

1st Skyscraper

Answer 12

1885, Chicago

Question 13

World Columbian Exposition

Answer 13

1893, Chicago (supervised by Daniel Burnham)

Question 14

1st Subway

Answer 14

1897, Boston

Question 15

1st national Wildlife Refuge

Answer 15

1903, Pelican Island

Question 16

Chicago Plan

Answer 16

1909 (Burnham and Bennett) 1st metropolitan plan

Question 17

1st National Conference on City Planning

Answer 17

1909, Washington DC

Question 18

Cities in Evolution

Answer 18

1915, Patrick Geddes

Question 19

1st zoning Ordinance

Answer 19

1916, New York City

Question 20

1st auto-oriented shopping center

Answer 20

1922 Kansas City

Question 21

1st Regional Planning Commission

Answer 21

1922, Los Angeles

Question 22

1st comp plan in the nation

Answer 22

1925, Cincinnati by Alfred Bettman

Question 23

1st limited access highway

Answer 23

1926, Bronx River Parkway

Question 24

Mississippi River, Great Flood

Answer 24

1927

Question 25

Regional Survey of New York and its environments

Answer 25

1928,(view land use as a function of accessibility)

Question 26

Flood Control Act

Answer 26

1928 created after the great flood of 1927

Question 27

Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA

Answer 27

1933 (senator George Norris)

Question 28

1st downtown pedestrian mall

Answer 28

1956, Kalamazoo (Michigan)

Question 29

1st urban growth boundary

Answer 29

1958, Lexington and Fayette County KY

Question 30

Design with Nature

Answer 30

1969, Ian McHarg

Question 31

Oregon Land Use Act

Answer 31

(Created statewide planning system and required identification of urban growth boundaries separating urban from rural areas)

Question 32

Model Land Development Code by American Law Institute

Answer 32

1976

Question 33

Edward Bassett

Answer 33

Father of American zoning -wrote the first comprehensive zoning ordinance in the United States, adopted by New York City in 1916

Question 34

Alfred Bettman

Answer 34

1925, developed comp plan for Cincinnati (1st in nation)
1926, successfully defended zoning in Euclid v Ambler Realty
First president of American Society of Planning Officials