Land Plants pt 2

Question 1

What are the general plumbing plant evolution trends of vascular plants?

Answer 1

• Above ground:
  leaves, stems,
  reproductive
  organs
• The leaves, stem, and
  reproductive organs collectively
  form the shoot
• Below ground: roots
• moves water,
  carbohydrates,
  nutrients, etc.
• Vasculature facilitated transport to
  elevated structures
• Supported growth higher off of the
  ground

Question 2

What are gymnosperms?

Answer 2

-Plants with “naked” ovules
700 spp plus many extinct spp
-Plants with dependent female gametophytes in ovules

Question 3

What are flowering plants?

Answer 3

-Plants with “covered” ovules
ca. 250,000 species
-Plants with dependent female gametophytes in ovules

Question 4

What are the general plant evolution trends of Dominance & Dependence?

Answer 4

-Gametophyte stages have decreased in size and
independence – becoming dependent on the
sporophyte

Question 5

What are common reproduction themes of plants?

Answer 5

All plants have a life cycle that includes haploid
gametophytes that produce eggs and sperm in
gametangia, and diploid sporophytes that
produces spores in sporangia as the result of
meiosis

Question 6

What is archegonium?

Answer 6

Archegonia vary from
primitive forms like that on
the left to much more
reduced forms in which
the neck and ventor cells
are not well differentiated
from surrounding tissue
In some seed plants the
female gametophyte
consists of only a few cells