Land Plants pt 1

Question 1

What is included in the supergroup viridiplantae?

Answer 1

Green plants
-green algae

Question 2

What are characteristics of the supergroup viridiplantae?

Answer 2

These organisms have
cellulose within cell
walls, Chl a & b, and
lack phycobilins

Question 3

What the major clades of the supergroup viridiplantae?

Answer 3

-Chlorophyta (= Prasinophyta)
-Charophyta
-Embryophyta (land plants,
plants s.s.)

Question 4

What are streptophytes?

Answer 4

-a clade
that may include plants
and green algae
(excluding Chlorophytes)

Question 5

What is included in streptophyta?

Answer 5

-include some green algae
and gave rise to Plantae s.s. (the land
plants)
-paraphyletic if plants excluded

Question 6

Characteristics of land plants

Answer 6

• complex multicellularity
• chlorophylls a, b; carotenoids
• alternation of generations
• archegonium with single egg cell
• simple to complex embryo
• ~325,000 spp.
• abundant fossil record; 450 mybp
• sometimes treated as Phylum Embryophyta

Question 7

What happens in simple multicellularity?

Answer 7

-may be a hollow ball,
simple filament, or sheet of cells
-There is little/no differentiation of cells in simple
cells adhere together – but little communication
* limited sharing of resources
* each cell can persist on its own mostly
* each cell is in contact with the outer
environment

Question 8

What happens in coenocytic organization?

Answer 8

• The nuclei divide multiple times but are not
  partitioned into individual cells
• This results in very large cells with many
  nuclei, sometimes visible to the human eye

Question 9

Steps of evolution

Answer 9

1. Animals
2. Green algae that gave
   rise to vascular plants
3. Red algae
4. Brown algae
5. Fungi (2 times)

Question 10

What are similar characteristics of complex multicellular organisms?

Answer 10

• Highly developed
  mechanisms for
  adhesion between cells
• Specialized structures
  for cell communication
• Tissue and organ
  differentiation

Question 11

What are similar features of complex multicellular organisms?

Answer 11

• they have a three-
  dimensional
  organization, so that
  only some cells are in
  direct contact with the
  environment

Question 12

Bryophytes (green plant group)

Answer 12

• not a formal group
• small, non-vascular
• must be near free-
  water
• include mosses,
  liverworts, and
  hornworts

Question 13

Two groups of plants

Answer 13

-Vascular plants
-Bryophytes

Question 14

What are the two types of fertilization methods for plants?

Answer 14

-water
-air

Question 15

What are the two types of dispersion methods for plants?

Answer 15

-water
-air