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Geography > Land Features > Flashcards

Land Features Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main mountain ranges in Northern Pakistan?

A

Karakoram and Himalayas.

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2
Q

What is Pakistan’s highest peak?

A

K2 (8,611 m).

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3
Q

What does “Karakoram” mean?

A

“Black gravel.”

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4
Q

Name three glaciers in the Karakoram Range.

A

Siachen, Biafo, Baltoro.

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5
Q

Describe the climate in the Himalayas.

A

Cold winters, mild summers; alpine and coniferous forests.

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6
Q

What is the highest peak in the Himalayas?

A

Nanga Parbat

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7
Q

What are the three sections of the Himalayas?

A

Siwaliks, Lesser Himalayas, Central Himalayas.

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8
Q

Where is the Hindu Kush range located?

A

Northwest of the Karakoram Range.

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9
Q

What is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush?

A

Tirich Mir (7,690 m).

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10
Q

What are the main economic activities in the Northern Mountains?

A

Livestock herding, agriculture, cottage industries.

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11
Q

How is the weather in Hindu Kush?

A

Extreme winters, hot-short summers

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12
Q

What crops are grown in the Northern Mountains?

A

Wheat, barley, rice, and vegetables.

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13
Q

Name the mountain ranges in the Western Mountains.

A

Waziristan Hills, Safed Koh, Sulaiman, Kirthar.

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14
Q

What are the main sources of income in the Northern Mountains during summer?

A

Livestock and tourism.

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15
Q

What is the width of the Karakoram Range?

A

About 200 km.

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16
Q

What rivers drain the Safed Koh range?

A

River Kabul.

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17
Q

What minerals are found in the Sulaiman Range?

A

Limestone and sandstone.

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18
Q

What type of agriculture is practiced in the Western Mountains?

A

Limited farming due to rugged terrain; mainly nomadic livestock rearing.

19
Q

What are the main features of the landscape in the Northern Mountains?

A

Steep slopes, high and snow-capped peaks, and glaciers.

20
Q

What is the average elevation of the Sulaiman Range?

A

Between 1,800 and 2,100 meters

21
Q

What is the climate like in the Sulaiman and Safed Koh ranges?

A

Very dry,
Little Rainfall.

limited vegetation

22
Q

What is the average height of the Safed Koh range?

A

1500-3000 meters.

23
Q

What is the altitude range of the Potwar Plateau?

A

300 to 600 meters.

24
Q

What is the terrain of the Potwar Plateau like?

A

Badland terrain, home to Ravines (steep-narrow mountains sides) and Burrows.

25
Q

What is the average height of Salt Range?

A

750 meters to 900 meters.

26
Q

What is the significance of the Salt Range?

A

It’s rich in rock salt, gypsum, and limestone.

27
Q

Name 3 characteristics of Active Floodplains.

A

Located around 2 rivers, Prone to flooding,
Have fertile and nutrient-rich soil.

28
Q

Name 3 characteristics of Old Floodplains.

A

Higher than active floodplains,
Very fertile due to nutrient rich sediment deposits,
Home to levees and oxbow lakes.

29
Q

Name 2 characteristics of Alluvial Bars.

A

Found in Upper Indus Plain,
Safe from floods,
Made from old alluvium.

30
Q

What is a scarp?

A

Slope that separates Old Floodplains from Alluvial Bars,

31
Q

Name 3 doabs in the Upper Indus Plain.

A

Sind Sagar Doab,
Chaj Doab,
Rechna Doab.

32
Q

What is Alluvium?

A

When water flows quickly through a narrow canyon, it picks up dirt, rocks, and other materials from the sides and bottom of the riverbed. This mixture of materials is called alluvium.

33
Q

What is the importance of Alluvial Fans?

A

Can store groundwater,
Contain nutrient-rich soil due to alluvial deposits.

34
Q

Name 2 Deltas in Pakistan.

A

Indus Delta,
Hub Delta

35
Q

Name 5 topographical features of deserts.

A

Sand dunes,
Sand plains or pattis,
Barren and cracked rocks,
No river or stream.

36
Q

What are the problems faced by people in deserts?

A

Lack of water –> No farming,
Farming –> Sukker barrage,
Poverty,
Nomadic lifestyle,
Illnesses like hepatitis B are common.

37
Q

What is the drainage pattern of the Northern Mountains?

A

The River Indus dominates the drainage pattern of the Northern Mountains. As it passes through Hindu-Kush, it is joined by River Kabul, which is already joined by River Swat.

Glacial Lakes are also a significant source of water for the region.

38
Q

What is the drainage pattern of the Western Mountains?

A

The Western Mountains are drained by River Indus, Zhob, and Gomal.

39
Q

Name 2 basis situated in the NORTHERN Balochistan Plateau.

A

Zhob and Loralai.

40
Q

Name 2 basis situated in the WESTERN Balochistan Plateau.

A

Chagai and Central Makran.

41
Q

What are some problems faced by people living in Balochistan?

A

Dry climate,
Water scarcity,
Bad Infrastructure.

42
Q

What are the economical activities in Balochistan?

A

Coal mines employ more than 80% of the population,
75% percent of crops grown here are sold in markets like Karachi,
Exports 30% of fish to Europe.

43
Q

Name one oil refinery set up in the Potwar Plateau and Salt Range.

A

Attock Oil Refinery.

Geography (3 decks)

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