Lamguage Developement Theories Overview Flashcards
Noam Chomsky
Children have an innate ability to learn language; devised the Language Acquisition Device
Bruner
There are 3 steps of cognitive learning: enactive (knowledge through actions), iconic (visual summarisation of images), and symbolic (use of words and symbols to describe experiences)
Bellugi
There are 3 stages of negative formations: stage 1 is using no/not at the start of a sentence, stage 2 is using no/not inside of sentences, and stage 3 adds a negative modifier to an auxiliary verb
Jean Piaget
Children play an active role in their development
Garvey
Children ‘pretend play’ to develop language
Berko and Brown
The substitution of fish with ‘fis’ without realisation (1960, cognitive)
Pamella Grunwell
Children learn phonemes in a set order:
24 months - mostly plosives
30 months - mostly fricatives
36 months - f,s,j,l
42 months - more difficult
Roger Brown
Morphemes are acquired in a particular order
Jean Berko
Overgeneralisations - wug test: 3/4 said wugs
Vgotsky
Social constructivism - knowledgeable others provide scaffolding
Vygotsky
ZPD - children can increase their zone of proximal development but can only speak at the level of their zone
Halliday
7 functions of speech:
Instrumental - fulfils a need
Regulatory - influence the behaviour of others
Interactional - develops relationships
Personal - conveys opinions and ideas
Representational - conveys facts
Imaginative - creates an imaginary world
Heuristic - learn about their environment
B.F.Skinner
Parents help their children develop language through reinforcement
David Crystal
First words link to people, actions, food, body, clothing, animals, vehicles, toys, objects, locations, social words, describing, deictic words (empty words)
Jean Aitchison
3 processes to semantic development:
Stage 1 - labelling
Stage 2 - packaging (linking labels to objects)
Stage 3 - networking (connections between words)
