AO1’S

Question 1

Anaphora

Answer 1

Repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive clauses (It was the…It was the…It was the…)

Question 2

Anaphoric reference

Answer 2

Refers back to previous word in text
- requires knowledge of implications, need to know the antecedent of a pronoun, for example

Question 3

Cataphoric reference

Answer 3

Refers forward to a word later in the text

Question 4

Diphthong

Answer 4

A vowel sound that is the combination of two separate sounds

Question 5

Multimodality

Answer 5

Two or more communication modes to make meaning e.g. image, spoken language, written language

Question 6

Negation prefix

Answer 6

Becomes opposite: un-, anti-, non-

Question 7

Time prefix

Answer 7

Pre-, post-

Question 8

Subordinator/ conjunction

Answer 8

Links clauses together

Question 9

Compound sentence

Answer 9

2+independent clauses

Question 10

Complex sentence

Answer 10

1 independent clause and 1+ dependent clauses

Question 11

Preposition

Answer 11

In front of a noun to indicate time/position (e.g. in,for,by,with,to)

Question 12

Declarative sentence

Answer 12

Simple statement

Question 13

Exclamatory sentence

Answer 13

Used for emphasis/exclamation

Question 14

Interrogative sentence

Answer 14

Ask a question

Question 15

Imperative sentence

Answer 15

Command

Question 16

Adjacency pair

Answer 16

An utterance that constrains response in turn-taking

Question 17

Auxiliary verb

Answer 17

Used with another verb (e.g. are,had… ‘helping verbs’)

Question 18

Modal auxiliary

Answer 18

Express possibility/certainty (shall, should, could, would)

Question 19

Deontic modality

Answer 19

More definite - obligation, ability, permission

Question 20

Epistemic modality

Answer 20

weakening commitment to truth - possibility, likelihood

Question 21

Determiner

Answer 21

Introduces noun with definite article

Question 22

Definite article

Answer 22

The - specific noun

Question 23

Indefinite article

Answer 23

A - any noun

Question 24

Intensifier

Answer 24

Emphasises another word (very)

Question 25

Qualifier

Answer 25

Expresses quality/ extent (quite, fairly)

Question 26

Profanity

Answer 26

Expletives considered impolite/rude

Question 27

Discourse marker

Answer 27

Manages flow and structure of discourse (well, you know, I mean, like) overlaps with fillers and conjunctions

Question 28

Active voice

Answer 28

Subject - verb - object

Question 29

Passive voice

Answer 29

Object - verb - subject

Question 30

Compound

Answer 30

Combines separate words (blackbird)

Question 31

Blend

Answer 31

Combined parts of words (emoticon)

Question 32

Register

Answer 32

Level of formality of text

Question 33

Tenor

Answer 33

Tone between author and reader

Question 34

Tag question

Answer 34

Question attached to end of statement

Question 35

Personal deixis

Answer 35

Who: I, me, you

Question 36

Spatial deixis

Answer 36

Position: here, there, left, right

Question 37

Temporal deixis

Answer 37

Time: now, then, tomorrow

Question 38

Distal deixis

Answer 38

Distance: that, those, there

Question 39

Proximal deixis

Answer 39

Close: this, here, now

Question 40

Personal pronoun

Answer 40

Represents people or things (me, him, she)

Question 41

Relative pronoun

Answer 41

Link different parts of a sentence (that, which, whose)

Question 42

Demonstrative pronoun

Answer 42

Points to things (this, that)