Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Surgery > Lameness > Flashcards

Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

You suspect a horse is lame.

What are the 2 area’s of its body that you should watch closely to DX which area is causing the problem?

A
  • Poll
  • Hip

(front end vs. hind end)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to the horse’s head

when a lame horse trots?

A

they raise their head when the lame front foot strikes the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the 3 clinical reasons for lameness.

A
  • Pain (majority)
  • Mechanical
  • Neurological defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In what age group does OCD present?

A

Young horses that just started training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what age group does OA more commonly present?

A

Older horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 2-3 year old Throughbred racehorses are prone to?

A

Stress Fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Standardbred racehorses prone to?

A

Carpal lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 3 day Event horses prone to?

A

Back pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Warmblood dressage horses prone to?

A
  • Distal tarsal joint arthritis
  • Proximal suspensory desmitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Polo ponies prone to?

A

SDFT tendonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What one question you should be sure to ask when taking the HX of a lame horse?

A

When was the horse last shod?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which angular limb deformity is this?

A

Varus

“Bow legged”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which angular limb deformity is this?

A

Valgus

“knock kneed”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 2 things do horses with broken back (hoof-pastern axis) often get?

A
  • Chronic heel soreness
  • Proximal suspensory desmistis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Severe carpal valgus will cause what 2 problems for horses?

A
  • Carpal lameness
  • Medial splints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List 3 things that this horse will be prone to

due to its poor hind end conformation

A
  • Upward fixation of the Patella
  • Suspensory desmitits
  • OA in the distal hock joints

(“straight through the hocks”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What will this horse be prone to due to its poor confirmation?

A
  • OA of the distal hock joints
  • Desmitis of the long plantar ligament (curb)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

You are performing a PE on a lame horse.

What is one area of the body that is every important, but often overlooked?

A

The mouth

Can be causing the horse pain & discomfort, which will throw off their natural balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

You find these while performing a PE on your client’s horse.

What should you tell the owner?

A
  • They are wind puffs → thickening of the tendon sheath
    • Non-pathogenic
    • Assocaited with heavy “work”
    • No need to worry about them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If a horse comes to you 3-legged lame, what are your top 3 concerns?

A
  • FX
  • Subsolar abscess
  • Septic synovial structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does lameness almost always originate?

A

In the area distal to the carpus or hock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which type of lamess gait is seen most frequently in lameness exams?

A

Supporting limb lamess

(lameness during weight bearing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Swinging limb lamenesss is often due to a _______________.

A

Mechanical deficit

(i.e. fibrotic myopathy, stringhalt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What grade would you give a horse if the lameness is consistently observable at a trot, under all circumstances?

A

Grade 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What grade do you give a horse with lameness that is obvious & has marked nodding, hitching &/o shortened stride?

A

Grade 4

26
Q

What grade do you give a horse that is unable/refuses to move?

A

Grade 5

27
Q

How do you evaluate the forelimb gait of a horse?

A
  • Look for “head nod”
  • Listen to feet strike the ground
    • sound forelimb will be louder
  • Look at phase of stride/limb flight
28
Q

What is the cause of 80-90% of lameness in horses?

A
  • Palmar heel pain/Navicular syndrome
  • Solar bruising/abscess
  • DJD

“in the foot”

29
Q

How will a bilaterally lame horse appear to move?

A

They will have a short, shuffling gait

30
Q

How do you best observed hind end lameness?

A

When the horse is being trotted away from you

31
Q

What are signs of lameness in the hind end?

A
  • increased displacement of coxae
  • decreased sound from shoe contact
  • Reduced cranial/caudal phase of stride
32
Q

What will happen with the horse’s head and neck

if it suffers from hind end lameness?

A

The head and neck will shift forward and nod down at the same time

(Horse is trying to shift its weight cranially away from the lame limb)

33
Q

Why are Provocative Tests done on lame horses?

A
  • to “tease-out” inconsistent lameness
  • to exacerbate a mild lameness
  • to help isolate the location of lameness
34
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of Flexion Tests?

A

Unable to distinguish btwn an intraosseous and a soft tissue injury

(just helps isolate the area)

35
Q

What is the problem with performing Flexion Tests in the hind limbs?

A

Reciprocal apparatus does not allow for the stifle and hock to be flexed individually.

36
Q

How is DX analgesia performed in lameness evaluations?

A
  • Perineural anesthesia→ migrates & infiltrates
  • Intrasynovial anesthesia
  • Typically work distal to proximal
37
Q

List the 3 commonly used LA in Equine Medicine.

A
  • Lidocaine HCL
    • rapid onset, short action
  • Mepivicaine HCL
    • rapid onset, mid-duration
  • Bupivicane HCL
    • slower onset, longer duration
38
Q

What are the limitations of nerve blocks?

A
  • Best done W/O sedation → dangerous to the vet
  • Can’t use if cellulitis or dermatitis is present
  • Interferes w/ other tests
    • nuclear scintigraphy (have to wait 2 wks)
39
Q

If you are performing a nerve block on a synovial structure,

what precautions are necessary?

A
  • Aspetic technique
  • New bottle of LA
  • Sterile gloves
40
Q

What are contraindications for performing nerve blocks?

A
  • If you suspect a FX
  • Horse is being ridden or lunged
41
Q

What is the most commonly performed regional nerve block of the forelimb?

What areas does it block?

A
  • Palmar digital nerve block
  • anesthetizes the entire foot, including the distal interphalangeal (coffin) joint.
42
Q

What nerve blocks are done on the thoracic limbs?

A
  • Palmar digital
  • Abxial sesmoid
  • Low 4 Point
  • High 4 Point → Lateral palmer & suspensory origin
  • Median & Ulnar → Musculocutaneous
43
Q

List the nerve blocks used in the Pelvic limbs

A
  • Plantar digital
  • Abaxial sesamoid
  • Low Plantar (6 point)
  • High Plantar (6 point)
  • Tibial & Peroneal
44
Q

What is desensitized by the PD Block?

A

The palmar 1/3 & all of the sole

45
Q

What region is NOT desensitized by a PD block?

A

Doroproximal

  • Coronet
  • dorsal laminae
  • DIP
46
Q

What does improved lameness after a Palmar/Plantar Digital Nerve block indicate?

A

The pain is coming from th foot

47
Q

What does the Abaxial Sesamoid block desensitize?

A

desensitizes the entire foot, the pastern joint, the short pastern bone and their associated soft tissues.

48
Q

What nerves are blocked in the Low 4 Point block?

A
  • Palmar Metacarpal n.
  • Palmar n.
49
Q

What areas are desensitized by the Low 4 Point block?

A
  • Navicular structures
  • Soft tissue structures of pastern and foot
  • Sole, Laminae
  • Three phalanges
  • Coffin and Pastern and Fetlock joint
  • Distal Digital tendon Sheath
50
Q

What nerves are blocked in the Low 4 Point on the hindlimb?

A
  • Palmar Metacarpal n.
  • Palmar n.
  • Dorsal Metatarsal n.
  • Digital Extensor tendons
51
Q

What nerves are blocked in the High 4 Point block?

What area of the leg gets anesthetized?

A
  • Palmar Metacarpal n.
  • Palmar n.
  • Anesthetizes palmar metacarpus from distal carpus + Carpo-metacarpal joint + carpal sheath
52
Q

What is accomplished by the Tibial Peroneal Block?

A

Anesthetizes deep pain from the distal tibia down

53
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Tibial & Peroneal block?

A
  • Difficult test to “read”→ only 50-80% effective
    • Peroneal: toe drag (extensors blocked)
    • Inconsistent skin sensation
  • Takes up to 1 hr. to reach full effect
  • Not good to rely on for distal limb lameness
54
Q

What parts of the body is Intra-synovial Anesthesia used?

A
  • Articular
  • Tendon sheaths
  • Bursae
55
Q

What is digital radiography NOT good for in horses?

A

Cartilage damage

56
Q

What is an Enthesiophyte?

A

Bone formation at a site of soft tissue attachment

57
Q

What is U/S best used for in Equines?

A
  • Soft tissue
    • Ligaments, cartilage, tendons, menisci
  • Helpful at bony sites
  • Abscess vs. Hematoma
58
Q

What does increased uptake of Tc99 during Nuclear Scintigraphy indicate?

A
  • Bony remodeling
  • Increased blood supply → acute inflammation
59
Q

What is Nuclear Scintigraphy NOT good for?

A

Chronic issues such as arthritis

60
Q

What is MRI useful for?

A
  • Extremely sensitive for bone & soft tissue
  • Able to image areas difficult to image w/ other madalities (hoof capsule, skull)

Large Animal Surgery (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions