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RUSVM Large Animal Medicine I > LAM I Final Material > Flashcards

LAM I Final Material Flashcards

1
Q

What is the FIRST thing you should do for tx?

A

Heavy dose of xylazine BEFORE NG tube

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2
Q

What is the primary cause for choke?

A

Bolting

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3
Q

Ascarid Impactions are typically seen in _________aged horses. What is important to remember when treating?

A

Young

Do not kill all worms at once->obstruction

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4
Q

What is the most common FB sen in a horse?

What is it most commonly caused by?

A

Ileal impaction

Burmuda grass

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5
Q

Muscular Dystrophy is hypertrophy of the smooth mm of the ileum most frequently seen in _____aged horses. It is associated with _______

A

Older

Tape worms

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of adhesions?

A

Peritonitis (usually 2º to previous abdominal sx)

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7
Q

To be classified as a strangulating volvulus the SI must twist_____º. If > than ______º venous supply is compromised. If > than_______º arterial supply is compromised

A

180º
>180º
>270º

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8
Q

Volvulus is most commonly seen in what age group? What is the 2 most common causes in a foal

A

Young horses

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9
Q

What is a stangulating lipomas and what age group is it usually seen in?

A

Pedunculated fat mass at the end of a fibrovascular stock

Older (9-10yrs)

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10
Q

What is the most common type of internal herniation and which way does it usually migrate?

A

Epiploic foramen

RIGHT-LEFT

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11
Q

What age group is Epiploic foramenal herniation usually occur in and why?

A

Older horses due to splenic shrinkage w/ age creates space for movemenet

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12
Q

What behavior is commonly associated w/ Epiploic heriations?

A

Cribbing

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13
Q

If you have a Diaphragmatic hernia, what will the abdominocentesis look like? What will you feel on palpation

A

Normal

Missing SI because its all up in the chest cavity

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14
Q

Intussusception is commonly seen in what age group?

What is the most classic C/S?

A

Young

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15
Q

What location is usually involved in intussusception?

A

Ileum & ileocecal junction

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16
Q

DPJ’s are commonly associated w/ __________. What color reflux will you see?

A

Clostridum (difficile)

Orange-brown

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17
Q

Bloating in the Rt flank is associated w/?

A

Cecal tympany

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18
Q

Where is the most common location for a non-strangulating large colon?

A

Pelvic flexure

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19
Q

T/F: In non-strangulating large colon cases it is important to feed the horse to maintain GI stasis

A

FALSE: DO NOT FEED THE HORSE= MAKES IT WORSE. Stasis is already compromises

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20
Q

What is the medical tx for sand impactions?

A

Psyllium (metamucil)

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of enterlithiasis?

Where in the Us do we usually see this

A

Alfalfa hay

**CA, IN, FL

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22
Q

If you take a horses to surgery and remove a round enterolith what does this mean? What is its triangular?

A 
Round= only 1, go head and close up
Triangle= you better keep looking cause its not alone!
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23
Q

What (specifically) are enteroliths composed of?

A

Mg+ ammonium phosphate

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24
Q

Where to enteroliths usually like to lodge themselves?

A

In transverse or R dorsal colon

25
Q

T/F: you can differentiate Rt and Lt dorsal displacement based on rectal palpation

A

False, can only determine surgically

26
Q

What enzyme do we care about with dorsal displacement?

A

Elevated GGT and bile salts= obstructed biliary tree

27
Q

Lt dorsal displacement = _______

A

Nephrosplenic Entrapment

28
Q

Nephrosplenic entrapment is generally seen in what breeds?

A

Lg breed (drafts/warm bloods)

29
Q

What is the medical therapy for Lt dorsal displacement?

A

Phenylephrine + rolling them

30
Q

What is a major concern about treating Nephrosplenic entrapment?

A

You need to anesthetize them to tx = Big horses= myopathy

31
Q

Large colon torsion is a type of strangulating torsion of the ______. What degree is needed for it t be considered a complete volvulus?

A

Ceco-colic mesentary

>270º

32
Q

What horses is the poster-child for Lg colon torsion?

A

Broodmares; having baby= open space= room for movement

33
Q

What is the most painful colic?

A

Lg colon torsion = strangulating

34
Q

What are the 3 infectious inflammatory causes of Lg intestinal problems we discussed?

A
  • Salmonella
  • Potomac Horse Fever
  • Clostridium
35
Q

What are the 3 Nutritional inflammatory causes of Lg intestine problems

A
  • Grain overload
  • Blister Beetles
  • Sand Enteropathy
36
Q

Salmonella is induced by_______via asymptomatic carriers. What are the 3 signs that point to salmonella?

A

Stress

  • fever
  • D+
  • Leukopenia
37
Q

T/F: you cannot call a horse negative for salmonella till you have obtained 3 negative fecal cultures

A

True

38
Q

What is Potomac Horse Fever?

What is it caused by?

A

Neorickettsia

Ingestion of flukes/snails/bird droppings

39
Q

If the exam states the horse is housed by water or a pond its most definatly ➡️

A

POTOMAC HORSE FEVER

40
Q

What are 3 characteristic signs of PHF?

A

High Fever >104-106
D+
Laminitis

41
Q

What is the medical tx for PHF? What is the problem w/ this tx?

A

Oxytet

CAN CAUSE SALMONELLA- tx w/ TMS or Pred if both are present

42
Q

How do horses generally get clostridium?

A

It is part of normal gut flora. Abx cause it to become pathogenic

43
Q

What is a common C/S of clostrodium?

What is the medical tx for clostridium?

A

Hemmorragic D+

Metronidazole

44
Q

How do horses get Blister Beetle toxicosis?

A

Alfalfa hay…the little fuckers hang out in there

45
Q

What is the most painful colic you will see?

A

Blister beetle toxicosis

46
Q

Blister Beetle toxin= ________

A

cantharidin

47
Q

What are some C/S of blister beetle toxicosis?

A 
Dysuria
Pigmenturia
Low SG
HYPOcalcemia ➡️ SDFs
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
48
Q

Tr dorsal displacement is caused by:

A

Phenylbutazone

49
Q

Cyathostomiasis=______

A

Small strongyls

50
Q

What is the DOC for tx of small strongyles? What do you need to be careful of?

A

Benzimidazole

DO NOT KILL ALL AT ONCE= OBSTRUCTION

51
Q

What are the normal values for Bilirubin?

A

Total: 0-1.8
Direct: 0-0.2
Indirect: 0-1.6

52
Q

What are the hepatic triad (there is actually 4) of C/S?

A
  • icterus- fasting = accumulation
  • hepatic encephalopathy = backup of ammonia
  • photosensitization = erythema
  • clotting disorders
53
Q

What is important about the gallbladder of a horse?

A

THE DONT HAVE ONE

54
Q

What clotting factor is first to go?

A

Factor 7

55
Q

What will you see w/ hepatic cases in regards to hyperbilirubinemia?

A
  • direct= normal

- indirect= increased

56
Q

Theiler’s Dz is caused by:

A

Tetnus anti-toxin vaccine

57
Q

What age is Theiler’s disease usually seen in?

A

Younger horses (getting vaccinated)

58
Q

Choke is characterized by ________nasal discharge, neck stretching and a palpable distention in the neck. What is the number 1 complication?

A

Feed tinged

Aspiration pneumonia

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine I (5 decks)

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