LAM 1 - LI Flashcards
4 hooks of colitis
fever, diarrhea, neutropenia, +/- hypoalbuminemia
clinical signs of colitis are secondary to ___
severity of SIRS
SIRS signs
muddy MM w/ toxic line, incr CRT and digital pulses, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration, peripheral edema
abdom U/S
fluid in cecum and colon to thickened colon walls
3 causes of diarrhea
increased peristalsis, more osmoles (protein) in GI, enterotoxins
abdominocentesis
norm to signs of 2nd peritonitis - serosanguinous incr TP and WBCs
treatment for fluids and protein loss
isotonic crystalloids (hypertonic if in shock 1st), supplement e-, TP < 4 or ALB < 2 treat with hyperimmune plasma or synthetic colloid
treatment for inflam/pain
flunixin 0.25mg, firocoxib 0.3mg, polymyxin B, lidocaine CRI
treatment for inflam/pain is contraindicated in
dehydrated patients
treatment diet, laminitis, GI, thrombopleb
buffet of low bulk food, ice boots, omeprazole, clopidogrel
which LI colitis is spread fecal-oral
salmonella, corona virus
salmonella colitis predisposition
carriers w/o signs, stressed
salmonella dx and tx
3 - fecal PCRs or 5 - fecal cultures 12-24hrs apart since intermittent spread, 3 wks quarantine
clostridium history/signalment
ABX admin erythromycin, nosocomial infection, can still be norm occuring in healthy horse
clostridium tx
metronidazole PO or PR - stop as soon as diarrhea stops
clostridium signs
can cause severe enterocolitis - reflux and hemorrhagic diarrhea
coronavirus signalment/signs
may just have fever, +/- resp signs, horses > 2 yrs in winter or foals w/ coinfection
coronavirus dx
fecal PCR - signs seen 2-3d but shed 3-4d
coronavirus tx and outcome
supportive care, high morbid low mortality
potomac horse fever history/signalment
July-Oct, adult in endemic areas, laminitis, high fever
mild vs severe potomax horse fever
mild - typhocolitis, cow patty feces
severe - watery diarrhea endotox laminitis
potomac fever dx and tx
CS season and location but PCR or culutre in blood or feces. oxytetracycline respond 12 hrs, outcome best before CS onset
potomac fever prevention
mayfly control +/- vaccine (may fail)
larval cyathostomiasis
small strongyles, massive colonic inflam, larvicidal dewormer - fenbendazole 5 days or moxidectin 1 day
sand enteropathy signs
focal inflam, sandy areas, healthy appetite despite weight loss
sand enteropathy dx and tx
abdom x-ray or glove test, psyllium and/or MgSO4 5-7d w/ serial x-rays, +/- exploratory celiotomy but risk of colon rupture
ABX vs NSAID induced colitis
ABX - whole colon, NSAID - ulcers R. dorsal colon
cantharid tox signalment
alfalfa diet, mult horses, blister beetles, severe hypocalcemia, can look at GI contents or urine
grain overload signalment, history, tx
excess carbs - lactate - diarrhea. SIRS and laminitis from start of dz. gastric lavage charcoal mineral oil
