Fluid Therapy - GI Flashcards
how to resuscitate a shocky horse
hypertonic saline 1 L - 1/4 shock dose and reassess - hypertonic saline 1 L - subtract shock fluids from % dehydrate and maintenance and give rest isotonic fluids
isotonic crystalloid
LRS
hypertonic crystalloid
7.2% NaCl
natural non-oxygen carrying colloid
equine plasma
synthetic non-oxygen carrying colloid
hetastarch
natural oxygen carrying colloid
fresh whole blood
max flow rate of fluids PR
5 ml/kg/hr
shock dose
80-90 ml/kg
flow rate of IVF is limited by
catheter size - gauge ex) 10G 18.7L/hr
2 ways to give maintenance rate
can do CRI or boluses
2 ways to account for insensible (cant measure) and sensible (may be able to measure) losses in fluid therapy
double or bump up maintenance at end of calculation
least thrombogenic catheter
silastic
clinical signs of (septic) thromboplebitis
focal pain, heat, discharge, inability ot distend jugular/ prominent
signs of air emboli d/t damage/disconnected extension set
aggitation, perm neuro signs (blind), cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death
systemically sick/hypoproteinemic horses have increased risk of ___ when giving IV fluid
acute renal injury
natural colloid rxns
AB formation against donor cells
immediate vs delay rxns form natural colloids
fever, tachy vs hemolysis
synthetic colloid rnxs
changes to clotting and hemostasis
circulatory collapse
risk - acute draining of pleural/abdom effusion. so maintain on IVF if draining lg amts fluid
if sodium deficits are chronic =/> 3 days - don’t correct faster than ___
0.5 mmol/hr
sodium changes what cause CNS signs
<120 or >160
CNS signs from sodium issues
osmogenic demyelination syndrome
hyper: brain cells lyse
hypo: brain cells shrink
dont admin potassium faster than ___
0.5 mEq/kg/hr
hyperkalemia
> 6 mmol/L fatal cardiac arrhythmias
hypokalemia
< 3 mEq/L muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias
tetany occurs if TCA ___ or iCA ___
< 6 mg/dL, < 1 mmol/L
3 causes of hypocalcemia and tx
GI dz, blister beetles, post partem mares. 23% Ca gluconate diluted or slow IV
only bicarb supplement if
< 15 mEq/L
bicarb formula
contact (0.3 adult, 0.5 foal) x BW x (25mmol/L - patients bicarb)
tx metabolic alkalosis
0.9% NaCl
foal maintenance
1st 10 kgs: 100 mL/kg/d - 2nd 10kgs: 50 mL/kg/day - every kg after: 25 mL/kg/day
8-10% dehydrate
prolong skin tent, cool extremeties
10-12% dehydrate
obtunded mentation, severe prolong skin tent, severe tachy
> 12% dehydrate
comatose, recumbant, severe tachy or brady
> 10% dehydration risk
fatal if not rapid and aggressive tx
