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Bio208 > lallala new > Flashcards

lallala new Flashcards

1
Q

guild

A

group od organisms that make their living in a similar way

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2
Q

relative spp abundance

A

one of most fundamental aspects of community structure

dominance:
- biomass
- area
- #ind

regularities = most spp are moderately abundance, few are abundant

  • unimodal distribution of rare-common
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3
Q

spp abundance lognormal distribution

A
  • abundance is relative, normally 1spp 2x other = log2 scale
  • each interval twice one previous
  • larger sample show more lognormal dist
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4
Q

spp diversity

A

spp richness = #spp in community
- r=basic measure of spp
spp eveness = relative abundance
- more evenly common = more resistant and functioning ecosystem

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4
Q

integrative index of spp diversity

A
  1. shannon index
    characterize species diversity in a community. Shannon’s index accounts for both abundance and evenness of the species present.
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5
Q

ranking abundance curves

A
  • plot relative abundance of spp against tank in abundance.. or
  1. relative abundance
  2. dominance
  3. diversity
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6
Q

Plankton paradox

A
  • live in simple environments and compete for same nutriences
  • many spp coexist
  • no evidence of competitive exclusion

Tilman 1977: 2 competing diatom spp (algae)
- coexistence depends on Si:P ratio which varies across lake
- Asterionella limited by Si
- Cyclotella limited by P

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7
Q

Disturbance and diversity equllibriam

A

model prediction: ppn densities do not change once equilibrium reached
- distrubance can affect spp diversity due to departure from avg conditions
- equilibrium = stability maintained by opposing forces, i.e if ppn altered by event it will return to equilibrium quickly

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8
Q

Disturbance

A
  • fq and intensity
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9
Q

Connel 1975/187

A

disturbance:
intermediate levels = high diversity
high/low levels = low diversity

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10
Q

termperate grassland disturbance and diversity

A

disturbances = fire, drought, bison, prarie dogs (dig burrow)
- removal of veg causes increased light availability and modified soil properties. These patches allow for the colonization of different plant species.
- foster higher diversity by maintaining intermediate levels

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11
Q

Disturbance and intermediate disturbance hyp

A
  • not uniformly true
  • unimodal relationships are rare

distrubance on diversity depends on:
- biology of organisms
- details of disturbance

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12
Q

landscape

A
  • heterogenous area composed of distinct patches

elements = distinct patches within landscape

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13
Q

landscape origin

A

geological process, climate, organisms, and fire contribute to landscape creation

  • glaciation
  • volcanism
  • erosion
  • sedimentation

In Canada and US glacial ages made landscapes
- periodic glaciers
- interrupted nu interglaciers (warmer periods between periodic

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14
Q

Glacier impact on landscape

A
  1. rock and soil moved great distances
  2. forward movement scores landscape

global scales = massive water storage
global sea levels = rise and fall
ephemeral nature = coral atolls and mangrove swamps
land bridges

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15
Q

North America glaciers

A
  • vegetative colonizers from glacial retreat exposed areas come from glacial refugia and nanatak
  • glacial refugia= areas never glaciated
  • nunatak = mountain peaks surrounded but not covered
16
Q

organisms and landscape structure

A
  • Forest becomes agricultural
  • abandoned farms retreat to forest
    Netherlands: heathland revert to forest, agriculture varies the least
17
Q

Blanket bog Ireland

A

Forest moved to lowlands due to heather flower colonizing bare soil, turning it more acidic, peat builds up.

Leaching occurs and land is cleared for agriculture. Then peat builds up and heather grows becomes Bog,
so agriculture moves to forest lowlands

Forest in between two

18
Q

Fire and landscape structure

A

tropical savanna-boreal forest
- fire supress increase in biomass
- climate changes
-diference in agree structure of vegetation
- topographical differences

19
Q

landsape structure

A

size, shape, composition, # and position of patches
patches = relatively homogenous area differing from surrounding

  • patches form mosaic of landscape structure

matrix = element within landscape that’s most spatially continues

20
Q

landscape impacts on processes

A
  1. move organisms
    - landscape influence critter location
    - rodents in smaller patches move more
    - habitat fragmentation - spp richness, extinction probability, effect on trees
  2. dist of spp
  • heal ppn density
  • nutrient cycling and aquatic wetland chemistry
21
Q

Landscape fragmentation

A
  • habitat fragmentation - spp richness, extinction probability, effect on trees
  • effects boreal birds
    1.small/isolated patches increase spp turnover, community more dynamic
    2. spp turnover increase in smaller area and more resilient community
    3. resident spp decrease in older forest, more transient spp increase
    4. old forest decrease, new forest increase
22
Q

corridors

A

corridors: habitat strip connecting similar habitat patches in fragmented areas

  • lack of data that it increase movement
23
Q

matrix and animal movement

A

matrix = dominate connected ecosystem
- structure influences ecological processes
- non-forested = maculata stay on stream
- forested = maculata left stream
- partial forest = C.aeubalilis left stream

24
Q

landscape and lake chem

A
  • lake position explain responses to drought
  • upper lakes drop more than lower b/c of less GW flow
  • mass of Ca2+ and Mg2+ highest in lakes unchanged at top b/c of isolation and more inflow at bottom
25
Q

troposphere

A

earths surface to 9-16km

26
Q

stratosphere

A

troposphere-50km
- ozone most concentrated

27
Q

mesosphere and thermoshere

A

extend above stratosphere

28
Q

greenhouse effect

A

earth surface trap heat w/ greenhouse gases
- h20,co2,ch4,nitrous oxide, cfc
- 30% incoming solar radiation reflected into space via clouds and particles
- 70% absorbed then re-mited as infrared, absorbed by ggs, or radiated back to eath

29
Q

southern oscilation

A

oscilation in atmosphere prssure than extends across pacific ocean

  • cause la ninas and elnino
30
Q

el nino

A

brown chrismas
- occur along equatior
1. air over warmer western specific
2. sink as it reaches eastern pacific
3. moves west again and collects moisture, rising a warm

marine ppn effects:
- decrease upwellings of nutrient rich water
- decrease primary productions
- decrease fish

31
Q

la nina

A
  • periods of lower sea surface temo
32
Q

Alberta’s atmosphere: human influence

A

praries increase in temp, short, warm winters, hot long summer. intense storems
- water flow decrease, supply challenge increase
- forest down, grassland up

Bio208 (2 decks)

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