'Lady Day and (John Coltrane)', 'Inner State (of Mind)' and 'Love and Affection' from Back in the Day (2000), Courtney Pine

Question 1

Who is Courtney Pine and when was he born?

Answer 1

‣Contemporary jazz musician

‣Born in 1964

Question 2

What does Courtney Pine’s style blend?

Answer 2

Soul, R&B, reggae and hip-hop with traditional elements.

Question 3

What does CP play?

Answer 3

He is a virtuoso saxophonist.
He also plays:
‣flute
‣bass clarinet
‣keyboard

Question 4

What is ‘Back in The Day’?

Answer 4

Courtney Pine’s self-produced 8th album, released in 2000.

Question 5

Which songs are covered? Who are the covers originally by?

Answer 5

Covers:
‣Lady Day and (John Coltrane) - Gil Scott-Heron (1971)
‣Love and Affection - Joan Armatrading (1976)

Question 6

What is the standard notation used?

Answer 6

‣Short score with:
◦piano
◦vocal
◦chord symbols - with guitar tab above the stave

Other parts notated on additional staves as required.

Question 7

What are cross-heads used for?

Answer 7

To notate:
◦Rhythms in the rap section
◦Multi-phonics
◦Key-click effects

Question 8

How are dynamics represented?

Answer 8

Traditionally.

Question 9

How is tempo shown?

Answer 9

Using BPM.

Question 10

Give an example of where an occasional other effect is written into the score.

Answer 10

Vibrato, bar 39, LD+JC

Question 11

What is the contrast like between the instrumentation of the three songs?

Answer 11

There is a considerable contrast of instrumentation between the songs.

Question 12

What is the instrumentation in LD+JC?

Answer 12

◦Vocals
◦Piano
◦Guitar
◦Sax

Question 13

What is the instrumentation in ISOM?

Answer 13

◦’Jazz horn grouping’ - sax, trumpet, trombone
◦vocals
◦rap
◦guitars

Question 14

What is the instrumentation in LAA?

Answer 14

◦Vocals
◦bvox
◦guitar
◦bass clarinet
◦tenor sax
◦strings

Question 15

Describe the sonority of Inner State of Mind

Answer 15

• Distortion and random background noises at start
• Dubbed voices
• Drum programme

Question 16

Features of sonority in Lady Day and John Coltrane

Answer 16

•Dubbed voices
•Drum programme
•Extended performance techniques
▪Multi-phonics
▪Key clicks

Question 17

Features of sonority in Love and Affection

Answer 17

•Variation of vocal timbres

Question 18

What are the predominant textures of the three songs?

Answer 18

Homophony and melody-dominated homophony.

Question 19

What are five textural features of Inner State (of Mind) and where can they be found?

Answer 19

◦Homophony - Voices (bar 1), Horns and sax (bars 70-71)
◦Melody dominated homophony - bars 2-9 (sax and piano)
◦Rap with accompaniment (e.g. bars 21-35)
◦Broken chords - Bars 80-87
◦Riff - e.g. bars 94-115

Question 20

What are three textural features of Lady Day and (John Coltrane) and where can they be found?

Answer 20

◦Homophony - close harmony (bar 21)
◦Melody dominated homophony (bar 1 onwards)
◦Riff e.g. bars 5-12

Question 21

What are three harmonic features of Love and Affection and where can they be found?

Answer 21

◦MDH - Bars 1-12
◦Riff - e.g. bar 22 onwards
◦Free counterpoint - bars 84-94

Question 22

What are the metres of the three songs?

Answer 22

ISOM◦ Brisk quadruple metre (4/4)

LD+JC◦ Fast quadruple to slower rubato at the close

LAA◦ Opens with rubato quadruple time passage, moves to upbeat strict tempo

Question 23

Name four rhythmic features of ISOM and state where they are found.

Answer 23

‣Syncopation ‣ e.g. bars 2 and 3
‣Dotted rhythm ‣ bar 11
‣Scotch snap ‣ bar 75
‣Irregular groupings ‣ bar 97

Question 24

Name four rhythmic features of LD+JC and state where they are found.

Answer 24

‣Dotted rhythm ‣ Bar 81
‣Scotch Snap ‣ Bar 31
‣Triplets ‣ Bar 126
‣Long sustained notes ‣ Bars 46-48

Question 25

Name four rhythmic features of LAA and state where they are found.

Answer 25

‣Triplets ‣ Bar 25
‣Irregular groupings ‣ Bar 31
‣Off-beat chords ‣ Bars 13-14
‣Cross-rhythms - Bar 12 (‘really laugh’)

Question 26

What melodic features are the songs characterised by? Where are these exhibited?

Answer 26

‣Pentatonicism ‣
∙ISOM bars 1-2
∙LAA - String motif using minor pentatonic scale ‣
bars 84-85

‣Blue notes ‣
∙ISOM bar 2, Gb
∙LD+JC , bar 23, Gb

‣Chromaticism ‣
∙ISOM, bar 100, ornamented chromatic descent
C-B-Bb-A
∙LD+JC, bar 75
∙LAA, bass clarinet, bars 30-32

Question 27

What melody is borrowed in ISOM?

Answer 27

‘Summertime’ from Gershwin’s ‘Porgy and Bess’

Question 28

What time of singing is found in ISOM and where?

Answer 28

Scat singing, bars 52-53

Question 29

What type of word setting can be found in LAA?

Answer 29

Melismas, bar 47

Question 30

Where can conjunct lines be found in Love and Affection?

Answer 30

Bars 16-19

Question 31

Where can narrow-range lines be found in LD+JC?

Answer 31

Bars 5-7

Question 32

What is repeated in ISOM?

Answer 32

Short figures, bar 99

Question 33

Name six types of ornamentation heard in LD+JC and state where they are found.

Answer 33

∙Acciaccaturas‣ bar 8
∙Controlled vibrato‣ bar 39
∙Bending of notes‣ bar 45
∙Fall-offs‣ bar 50
∙Sliding up to pitch‣ bar 52
∙Glissandos‣ bar 55

Question 34

Name eight harmonic features of Lady Day and (John Coltrane) and state where they can be found.

Answer 34

‣12 bar blues
‣7th chords (21)
‣Sevenths and sharpened 9ths- produce false relations (1)
‣9th chords (47)
‣13th chords (81)
‣Augmented chords (119)
‣Parallel harmony (65) - parallel 7ths
‣Change of harmonic rhythm

Question 35

Name three harmonic features that can be found in Inner State of Mind and state where they are found.

Answer 35

‣Quartal harmony (70-71)
‣False relations (18)
‣Half-diminished chords (53)

Question 36

Name three harmonic features found in Love and Affection and state where they can be found.

Answer 36

‣Use of basic chords (opening)
‣Primary chords (bar 22->)
‣Chromatic side stepping (bar 62)

Question 37

What is the tonality and structure of ISOM?

Answer 37

‣Cm
‣Modal key signature
‣freely evolving structure with recurring ‘Inner state’ motif, instrumentals and alternating verse (supported by riff) and rap sections.

Question 38

What is the tonality and structure of LD+JC?

Answer 38

‣Cm
‣Modified 12 bar blues
‣+Intro
‣+Extended Coda

Question 39

What is the tonality and structure of LAA?

Answer 39

‣Opens in C#m
‣Moves to E major
‣Freely evolving structure
  ‣Intro
  ‣Riff-based song with a prominent refrain.