Ladders Flashcards
NFPA 1932
Standard for ladder maintenance and testing
NFPA 1931
Standard for manufactures design for fire department ladders
Beam
Main structure of the ladder supporting the rungs
Bed section
Lowest and widest section of an extension ladder
This section always maintains contact with the ground
Butt
Bottom end of the ladder
Butt spurs
Metal plates or spikes attached to the butt to prevent slippage
Fly section
Upper section of extension or some combination ladders
section the moves
Foot pads
Swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder
Guides
Wood or metal strips forms slots or channels on extension ladder to guide the fly section while being raised
Halyard
Rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering the fly sections
“Fly rope”
Heat sensor label
Label on the inside of the beams of each section of ladder indicating when it’s been exposed to sufficient heat
Hooks
Curves metal devises installed near the top end of the roof ladder to secure the ladder at the highest point
Pawls
Dogs or ladder locks
Devises attached to the inside of the beams on the fly sections used to hold the fly section I’m place
Protected plates
Strips of metal attached to ladders at chatting points such as the tip
Pulley
Small grooved wheel through which the halyard is drawn on extension ladder
Rails
Trusses ladder beam
Rungs
Cross members that provide the foothold for climbing
Stops
Wooden or metal pieces that prevent the fly section from being extended too far
Tie rods
Metal rods extending from one beam to the other
Tip ( top)
Extreme top if ladder
Truss block
Spacers between rails and truss
Single ladder
Wall ladder Straight ladder Single ladder Consists of only one fixed length 12-24 feet
Roof ladders
Are single ladders equipped with folding hooks
Helps distribute firefighters weight
12-24ft
Folding ladders
Attic ladder
Single ladder for interior
8-16 ft most common is 10ft
NFPA 1931 requires foot pads on butt of ladder
Extension ladder
Is adjustable in size
12-39ft
Pole ladder
Do not exceed 50 ft
Combination ladders
A frame ladder
8-14ft most common 10 ft
Pompier ladder
Scaling ladder single beam
“Gooseneck”
10-16ft
Metal ladders
- good at conducting electricity, heat and cold
- easy to repair
- can suddenly fail when exposed to heat
- widest range of sizes
Wood ladders
- highest cost of all ladders
- heaviest per unit of length
- retains strength when exposed to heat
- very durable
Fiberglass ladders
- poor conductor of electricity
- can sudden crack or fail when overloaded
- can burn when exposed to flame
Maintenance
Means keeping ladders on a state of usefulness
Repair
Restore or replace damaged or worn out
Who is responsible for maintaining ladders?
All firefighters
Maintenance guidelines
- keep free of moisture
- don’t store where in contact with vehicle exhaust
- don’t store where can be exposed to elements
- don’t paint
What can form and harden on section ladders that disrupt normal operations?
Dirt and debris
Ladders should be cleaned?
After every use
What is the most effective emery to clean a ladder?
Soft bristle brush and running water
What do you use to clean off oil, grease or tar?
Mild soap
What will ensure smooth operation with a ladder?
Lubrication
NFPA 1932 states what about inspections
Requires ladders be inspected after every use and monthly
NFPA 1901 for automotive fire apparatus
Minimum lengths and types of ladders to be carried on all pumper or engines
1 straight ladder with roof hooks
1 extensions ladder
1 attic ladder
Ladders should be at what approximate degree
75
How do you determine the number of personal needed to handle a ladder?
Take the first number of the length represents the personal needed
Why is proper positioning and placement of ladders important?
Safety and proper use
Where do you place the ladder for window ventilation?
Tip even with too of window
Used for rescue
Slightly below the window unless wide enough to permit two to three rungs into the window
Why do you avoid open doors and windows when dealing with ladder placement?
Can expose heat
What happens if the butt is placed too close to the building?
Stability reduced
If the butt is too far away?
Reduces load carrying
What’s the easiest way to determine how far to place the butt?
Length of the building divided by 4