LACRIMAL GLAND_PURPLE/RED Flashcards
WHAT % OF THE AQUEOUS PORTION OF TEARS DOES THE LACRIMAL GLAND PRODUCE?
70%
WHAT % OF THE AQUEOUS PORTION OF TEARS DOES THE 3RD EYELID GLAND PRODUCE?
30%
WHAT GLAND PRODUCES THE OUTER LIPID PORTION OF TEARS?
MEIBOMIAN GLAND
what produces the innermost mucous portion of the tears?
conjunctival goblet cells
name the afferent and efferent nerves for tear production
trigeminalnerve- afferent
facial nerve- efferent
what cells make up the immune system aspect of the tear film?
- lysozyme
- immunoglobulins
- leukocytes
how many lacrimal puncta do dogs and rabbits have?
rabbits have 1
dogs have 2
list the 5 aspects of the drainage apparatus
- lacrimal puncta
- lacrimal canaliculi
- lacrimal sac
- lacrimal duct
- nasal punctum
true/ false KCS is more common in cats than dogs
false
most common in dogs
what is alacrima
lack of tear production
- congenital
- cause of KCS
LIST 3 DRUGS THAT CAN CAUSE KCS
- ATROPINE
- GENERAL ANESTHETICS
- SULPHA ANTIBIOTICS
LIST 2 INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CAN CAUSE KCS
- DISTEMPER VIRUS
- FELINE HERPES VIRUS
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF KCS?
AUTOIMMUNE ADENITIS
WHAT ARE THE NORMAL PARAMETERS FOR A SCHIRMER’S TEAR TEST?
15-25 mm/min
what numbers indicate KCS on STT?
<10mm/min
WHAT IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE FOR KCS?
TOPICAL CYCLOSPORIN
HOW LONG AFTER USE OF CYCLOSPORIN IS RESULTS SEEN?
2-4 WEEKS
HOW DOES CYCLOSPORIN MANAGE KCS?
- STOPS AUTOIMMUNE ADENITIS
- HORMONE- LIKE STIMULATORY EFFECT ON TEARING
NAME 1 SURGICAL THERAPY FOR KCS
PAROTID DUCT TRANSPOSITION
- OPEN- ON CHEEK, IN MOUTH
- CLOSED- ONLY IN MOUTH
LIST 5 COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH KCS
- THICK MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
- CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA
- CORNEAL OEDEMA
- CHEMOSIS
- CONJUNCTIVITIS/KERATITIS
LIST 4 CAUSES OF EPIPHORA DUE TO OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION
1.IMPERFORATE LACRIMAL PUNCTUM IN DOGS
2. IMPERFORATE NASAL PUNCTUM IN HORSES
3. MALPOSITIONED PUNCTA
4. SYMBLEPHARON
LIST 4 CAUSES OF EPIPHORA DUE TO HYPERSECRETION
- CORNEAL ULCER
- GLAUCOMA
- DISTICHIASIS
- ENTROPION
HOW TO DIAGNOSE OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION OF THE LACRIMAL SYSTEM?
USE FLUORESCEIN DYE INJECTED IN THE CONJUNCTIVAL SAC
- SHOULD SEE IT IN THE NOSE IN 3MINS
- THEN FLUSH WITH A CANNULA AND SALINE
WHERE IS THE LACRIMAL PUNCTA OF THE RABBIT LOCATED?
VENTROMEDIALLY
WHERE IS THE LACRIMAL PUNCTA OF DOG LOCATED?
MEDIALLY- DORSAL AND VENTRAL
LIST 4 COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH DACRYOCYSTITIS
- CHRONIC UNILATERAL SIGNS
- EPIPHORA
- MUCOPURULENT DISCARGE
- MEDIAL CANTHUS ABCESS
HOW TO TREAT LACRIMAL GLAND OBSTRUCTIONS?
- NASOLACRIMAL FLUSH
- ANTIBIOTICS- Neomycin; Bacitracin; Polymyxin B
- STEROIDS- CYCLOSPORIN
- ENLARGE/CREATE LACRIMAL PUNCTA
