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OPTHALMOLOGY > GLAUCOMA _RED/PURPLE > Flashcards

GLAUCOMA _RED/PURPLE Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS GLAUCOMA?

A

AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND DRAINAGE OF AQUEOUS HUMOUR.
AN INCREASE IN IOP BEYOND WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGICALLY COMPATIBLE WITH A HEALTHY EYE
10-25mmHg

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2
Q

WHAT IS AN IMPORTANT ENZYME IN THE ACTIVE SECRETORY PROCESS OF AQUEOUS HUMOUR THAT IS IMPORTANT IN TREATMENT?

A

CORBONIC ANHYDRASE

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3
Q

STATE THE 2 MECHANISM OF GLAUCOMA, AND WHICH IS MOST COMMON

A
  1. OVERPRODUCTION OF AQUEOUS HUMOUR
  2. DECREASE IN AQUEOUS HUMOUR OUTFLOW

2 IS THE MOST COMMON

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4
Q

T/F GLAUCOMA IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE CAT

A

FALSE
IT’S THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE DOG

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5
Q

EXPLAIN HOW AQUEOUS HUMOUR GETS INTO SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

A
  1. AQUEOUS HUMOUR WITH THE HELP OF THE CARBONIC ANHYDRASE GOES THROUGH THE CILIARY BODY EPITHELIUM TO THE POSTERIOR CHAMBER
  2. FROM THE POSTERIOR CHAMBER IT GOES TO THE ANTERIOR LENS THEN TO THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER WHICH IS BETWEEN THE PECTINATE LIGAMENTS
  3. IT PASSES THROUGH THE IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE
  4. THEN INTO THE SCLERA VEINS TO GET TO SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
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6
Q

STATE 2 SYNONYMS FOR THE JUNCTION OF THE IRIS AND CORNEA

A
  1. IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE
  2. DRAINAGE ANGLE
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7
Q

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL MAKE UP OF THE IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE

A
  1. IRIS CILIARY BODY
  2. CORNEA
  3. SCLERA
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8
Q

WHAT CONSTITUTES THE 1ST 2ND AND 3RD LAYER WHEN VISUALIZNG THROUGH A SLIT BEAM MICROSCOPE?

A

1ST- CORNEA
2ND- IRIS
3RD LENS

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9
Q

WHICH IS NOT A SYNONYM FOR “BACK OF EYE”
A. POSTERIOR CHAMBER
B. POSTERIOR SEGMENT
C. VITREOUS CHAMBER
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE

A

POSTERIOR CHAMBER

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10
Q

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXOPHTHALMOS AND BUPHTHALMUS

A

EXOPHTHALMUS- OUTWARD PROTRUSION OF THE EYEBALL
- ANTERIOR UVEITIS SIGN

BUPHTHALMUS ENLARGEMENT OF THE GLOBE
- GLAUCOMA SIGN

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11
Q

LIST 4 CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY GLAUCOMA

A
  1. CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA
  2. BLEPHAROSPASM
  3. INCREASED IOP
  4. INTERMITTANT MYDRIASIS
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12
Q

LIST 5 CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE GLAUCOMA

A
  1. EPISCLERAL AND CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA
  2. BLEPHAROSPASM:NICTITANS PROTRUSION, EPIPHORA
  3. INCREASED IOP (>20mmHg)
  4. MYDRIASIS WITH MUSCULAR PARESIS
  5. CORNEAL OEDEMA
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13
Q

LIST 8 CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC GLAUCOMA

A

1.EPISCLERAL HYPEREMIA
2. BUPHTHALMOS
3. RETINAL DEGENERATION
4. STRIATE KERATOPATHY
5. LENS LUXATION
6. CATARACTS
7. SCLERAL THINNING
8. CUPPED OPTIC DISC

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14
Q

WHAT IS HABB’S STRIAE?

A

STRIATE KERATOPATHY
- SEEN IN CHRONIC GLAUCOMA
- BREAKS DESCEMETS MEMBRANES DUE TO THE STRETCHING
- CAUSES THE OPAQUE WHITE LINES SEEN

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15
Q

LIST 2 FUNDOSCOPIC LESIONS THAT CAN RESULT FROM CHRONIC GLAUCOMA

A
  1. CUPPED OPTIC DISC
  2. RETINAL DEGENRATION
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16
Q

WHEN DOES A BUPHTHALMIC EYE BECOME A PERMANENTLY BLIND EYE?

A

24-48 HRS CONSISTENT BUPHTHALMIA

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17
Q

T/F A BUPHTHALMIC EYE IS A BLIND EYE?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

WHAT DOES GONIOSCOPY HELP EVALUATE?

A

GROSS APPEARANCE OF DRAINAGE ANGLE

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19
Q

LIST 4 DIAGNOSTIC AIDS FOR GLAUCOMA

A
  1. TONOVET
  2. TONOPEN
  3. DIRECT OPHTHALMASCOPE
  4. GONIOSCOPY
20
Q

HOW CAN YOU BEST MAKE A DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA?

21
Q

LIST AND DESCRIBE 3 MAIN PARAMETERS THAN CAN BE USED TO DIFFERENTIATE A CASE OF UVEITIS FROM A CASE OF PRIMARY GLAUCOMA

A
  1. IOP
    - ELEVATED IN GLAUCOMA
    - NORMAL TO LOW IN UVEITIS
  2. PUPIL
    - MYDRIATIC IN GLAUCOMA
    - MIOTIC IN UVEITIS
  3. ANTERIOR CHAMBER
    - NORMAL IN GLAUCOMA
    - CLOUDY IN UVEITIS
22
Q

LIST 2 PARAMETERS THAT ARE THE SAME IN PRIMARY GLAUCOMA AND UVEITIS PATIENTS

A
  1. CORNEAL OEDEMA
  2. CONGESTED/ HYPEREMIC EPISCLERAL VESSELS
23
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A CORRECT MATCH:
A. SECONDARY GLAUCOMA- CATS
B. PRIMARY GLAUCOMA - CATS
C. SECONDARY GLAUCOMA - HORSES
D. PRIMARY GLAUCOMA - DOGS

A

B
PRIMARY- DOGS
SECONDARY- HORSES, CATS

24
Q

WHICH IS NOT TRUE OF PRIMARY GLAUCOMA:
A. BREED RELATED
B. USUALLY BECOMES BILATERAL
C. WIDE IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE
D. GONIODYSGENESIS PREVALENT
E. NO OTHER INJURIES ARE CAUSATIVE

A

C
NARROW/OPEN IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE

25
WHICH IS NOT TRUE OF CAUSES OF SECONDARY GLAUCOMA? A. LENS ZONULA DEFECTS OF SMALL TERRIERS BREEDS B. ANTERIOR UVEITIS C. NEOPLASIA D. IRIS BOMBE
ALL ARE POSSIBLE
26
WHEN ARE OSMOTIC AGENTS INDICATED?
IOP>45mmHg
27
T/F MANNITOL CAN BE GIVEN BY THE OWNER IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
FALSE GLYCEROL CAN BE GIVEN BY OWNER IN EMERGENCIES - MANNITOL IS IV - GLYCEROL IS ORAL MANNITOL IS FOR SIGNIFICANT ELEVATIONS IN IOP ONLY
28
STATE WHICH SURGICAL TERAPY IS USED FOR THE FOLLOWING PATIENTS: 1. SIGHTED 2. BLIND
SIGHT: 1. INCREASE AQUEOUS OUTFLOW - DRAINAGE/TUBE VALVE 2. REDUCE AQUEOUS PRODUCTION - CYCLOCRYOTERAPY - ENDOCYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION - CYCLODIATHERMY BLIND 1. EVISCERATION 2. ENUCLEATION 3. INTRAVITREAL GENTAMICIN INJECTION
29
WHEN SHOULD ATROPINE BE USED?
ATROPINE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS
30
WHICH IS NOT TRUE FOR TE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA? A. DECREASE IOP BY 20-30% B. DECREASE AQUEOUS PRODUCTION C. DECREASE AQUEOUS OUTFLOW D. OPEN IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE
C. YOU WANT TO INCREASE AQUEOUS OUTFLOW
31
LIST 6 CLASSES OF DRUGS THAT CAN BE USED TO MEDICALLY MANAGE GLAUCOMA
1. BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS 2. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS 3. OSMOTIC DIURETICS 4. PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC MIOTICS 5. SYMPATHOMIMETIC MYDRIATICS 6. PGF2A ANALOGUES
32
LIST 3 CLASSES OF DRUGS THAT MUST BE COMBINED WITH CAIs
1. OSMOTIC DIUERETICS 2. BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS 3. SYMPATHOMIMETIC MYDRIATICS
33
LIST 6 ADVERSE EFFECTS THAT CAN RESULT FROM THE USE OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
1. PANTING 2. ANOREXIA 3. DEPRESSION 4. HYPOKALEMIA 5. METABOLIC ACIDOSIS 6. GI UPSET
34
WHICH 2 DRUGS SHOULD NOT BE USED IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS
FUROSEMIDE ATROPINE
35
LIST 1 MAIN ADVERSE EFFECT THAT CAN RESULT FROM THE USE OF OSMOTIC DIURETICS
HYPOVOLEMIA
36
WHICH 2 DRUGS OFTEN USED IN TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA CAN CAUSE BRAYCARDIA?
BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS - TIMOLOL MALEATE - BATAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE
37
WHICH DRUG SHOULD NOT BE USED IF IOP IS >50mmHg?
pilocarpine - PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC MIOTIC - DIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC
38
WHAT IS THE NORMAL PROCEDURE INVOLVED WHEN INCORPORATING PGF2A ANALOUGUES INTO THE MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
1. GLYCEROL 2. LATANOPROST 3. MANNITOL
39
WHICH 3 CLASSES OF DRUGS WORKS BY DECREASING AQUEOUS HUMOUR PRODUCTION?
1. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS 2. BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS 3. SYMPATOMIMETIC MYDRIATICS
40
COMPLETE THE STATEMENT CONCERNING OSMOTIC DIURETICS: IOP DECREASES IN _________________ MINS AND THE EFFECTS LAST ___________ HOURS
10-15 MINS 5-6 HOURS
41
WHICH DRUGS ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR USE IN EARLY AND SECONDARY GLAUCOMA?
TIMOLOL MALEATE BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE
42
WHICH CLASS OF DRUGS IS KNOWN TO DECREASE IOP BY 20-30%?
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
43
NAME THE 3 DRUGS UNDER CAI THAT HELP IN GLAUCOMA TREATMENT
1. METHAZOLAMIDE 2. ACETAZOLAMIDE 3. DORZOLAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE *MAD ZOLAMIDE
44
WHICH CLASS OF DRUGS WORK BY INCREASING OUTFLOW?
1. SYMPATHOMIMETIC MYDRIATICS 2. PGF2A ANALOGUES
45
NAME THE DRUG THAT IS AN INDIRECT ACTING ANTICOLINESTERASE AND A PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC MIOTIC
DEMACARIUM BROMIDE (0.25%) *DEMI CARES AND UMA IS MY BRO
46
HOW DOES THE INTRAVITREAL GENTAMYCIN INJECTION WORK?
CYTOTOXIC TO: - CILIARY BODY - LENS - RETINA
47
WHICH SALVAGE PROCEEDURE SHOULD NOT BE DONE IF THE PATIENT HAS INTRAOCULAR NEOPLASIA?
EVISCERATION

OPTHALMOLOGY (5 decks)

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