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Higher Modern Studies > Lack of development in the world > Flashcards

Lack of development in the world Flashcards

1
Q

what is development?

A

development is how well a country is doing compared to others

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2
Q

what are some qualities of a developed country?

A 
good standard of living
good education
good healthcare
equal rights
generally rich
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3
Q

three ways we can measure development

A

politics
social provision
economies

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4
Q

politics

A

the stability and freedom of its citizens

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5
Q

economics

A

different economic factors that influence how developed a country can be

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6
Q

social provision

A

services provided in the country to meet the needs of society

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7
Q

developed countries are usually…

A

democracies

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8
Q

developing countries are more likely to be…

A

dictatorships

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9
Q

what does a politically developed country have?

A

low levels of corruption clear decision making which is clear and transparent a

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10
Q

what do socially developed countries usually have?

A

they usually high high quality social services such as health care and education services

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11
Q

what qualities do economically developed countries usually have?

A

they usually have a higher proportion of service sector jobs and high quality infrastructure

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12
Q

developing economies usually have more jobs in the … industries

A

manufacturing and agriculture

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13
Q

which type of country is more likely to be peaceful?

A

developed, most developing countries suffer from conflict

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14
Q

political factors

A

incompetent government
corruption
conflict

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15
Q

poor governance

A

lack of fair and transparent government for example, incompetent, corrupt or both

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16
Q

incompetent governance

A

this is where those who run the government have a focus elsewhere or are incapable of running the country efficiently

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17
Q

what causes an incompetent government?

A

the choices which are made on behalf of the country are often not ones which benefit the citizens of the country

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18
Q

what is an example of an incompetent government

A

some governments spend millions on vanity projects such as monuments and statues that means there is less money available to spend on essentials such as healthcare and education which in turn leads to greater levels of poverty and debt and then underdevelopment

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19
Q

Case study: Sengal

what structure was recently completed in Sengal?

A

the sengal government has recently completed the tallest structure in Africa.

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20
Q

corrupt government

A

this is where people in power abuse their position for their own benefit

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21
Q

what causes a corrupt government?

A

the lack of democracy in underdeveloped countries has allowed dictators to remain in power enjoying lavish lifestyles while their people starve.

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22
Q

what is an example of

a corrupt government?

A

The world economic fourm reported in 2017 that around 2 trillion dollars is lost each year due to corruption in the world

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23
Q

Case study: Nigeria

In what year was Nigeria ranked one of the most corrupt countries in the world?

A

Nigeria was recently ranked as one of the most corrupt countries in the world in 2018.

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24
Q

Case Study: Nigeria

What did the leader of Nigeria say in 2015?

A

he said that the treasury is “virtually empty”

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25
Q

Case study: Nigeria

In what year did the leader of Nigeria say that the treasury of the country was “virtually empty”?

A

2015

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26
Q

Case study: Nigeria

Why is claiming that the treasury is “virtually empty” an issue in Nigeria?

A

Nigeria is one of the richest countries in Africa and the largest producer pf oil

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27
Q

Case study: Nigeria

what percentage of Nigeria live in poverty?

A

WPF reported that 60% of Nigeria lives in poverty and that workers go months without being paid

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28
Q

Case study: Sengal

How much did the Monument of African Renaissance cost?

A

the monument of African renaissance it cost 27 million dollars to build.

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29
Q

Case study: Sengal

What percentage of Sengal live in poverty?

A

47%

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30
Q

decisions made by corrupt governments are often made in ____

A

decisions made in corrupt governments are often made in secret which means that the money that should be going towards social services is instead is being put into the bank accounts of government officials.

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31
Q

How does Civil War effect the development of a country?

A

Conflict destroys economic infrastructure such as roads, railways, airports and shipping ports that allow people and goods to move around freely. This limits the ability of a country and its people to make money.

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32
Q

How does Civil War effect a countries social and economical development?

A

Often people are forced to abandon their homes and places of work to stay safe. This may mean that hospitals, schools and farmlands shut down resulting in low levels of education, poor health and increase the risk of starvation and malnourishment.

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33
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (civil war)

What is happening in South Sudan?

A

There is an ongoing civil war in South Sudan after the president and vice president fell out. Both are from different tribes and the conflict has split along tribal lines.

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34
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (civil war)

What did the WFP9 report happening in South Sudan in 2011?

A

The WFP9 reports that food insecurity in South Sudan has reached the most extreme levels since independence in 2011.

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35
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (civil war)

According to the WPF, how many people are struggling to find food to eat?

A

6.3 million

36
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (civil war)

According to the WPF, how many people have been displaced by the conflict in south Sudan?

A

1.9 million

37
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (civil war)

According to the WPF, many people are now refugees in neighbouring countries?

A

2 million

38
Q

What is a terrorist group?

A

Terrorist groups are people who are often against the actions of the government and will use violence to get what they want.

39
Q

How does terrorism stunt/stop the development of a country?

A

Governments have to use resources to tackle the problem. This means spending more money on the military and police as well as repairing key infrastructure like roads rather than on social services that will help a country develop.

40
Q

Why is Terrorism less of a problem than Civil War?

A

Terrorism might be less destructive to the infrastructure of a country than civil war but it can still be devastating for the development of a country.

41
Q

How does Terrorism stunt the social development of a country?

A

Terrorism can also put off international companies from setting up in a country or region which means important, job creating investment might not happen.

42
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (Terrorism)

What is the name of the terrorist group which wants to end all western style education in Nigeria.

A

The conflict with the terrorist group Boko Haram (which wants to end all western style education in Nigeria)

43
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (Terrorism)

How many people have Boko Haram killed?

A

30,000

44
Q

Case Study: South Sudan (Terrorism)

How many people have fled their homes due to Boko Haram?

A

over 2 million

45
Q

What are 3 social factors that stunt development?

A

Health (HIV and Malaria)
Gender Inequality
Education

46
Q

How does Poor Health stunt a country’s development socially?

A

Less developed countries are less able to provide a good standard of health care for all of its citizens. This is often because they lack the resources or skilled people to provide the service required.

47
Q

How does Poor Health stunt development economically?

A

Poor levels of health in a nation often then means the workers needed to help a country develop are too ill to work and those seeking an education too ill to study.

48
Q

Developing countries are less likely to have an __________ that is needed to ensure a healthy environment such as _____ _______ _____ and good sanitation services

A

These countries are also less likely to have an infrastructure that is needed to ensure a healthy environment such as clean drinking water and good sanitation services

49
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

human immunodeficiency virus

50
Q

What is HIV?

A

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that damages the cells in your immune system and weakens your ability to fight everyday infections and disease.

51
Q

What can HIV lead to?

A

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

52
Q

What is AIDS?

A

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the name used to describe a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when your immune system has been severely damaged by the HIV virus.

53
Q

Why is AIDs and HIV an issue?

A

While AIDS can’t be transmitted from one person to another, the HIV virus can

54
Q

How many people are estimated with having HIV/AIDS in 2016?

A

2016 there is an estimated 36.7 million people in the world living with HIV/Aids

55
Q

How many people died in 2016 of HIV related illnesses?

A

1 million people died from HIV related illnesses.

56
Q

Is HIV/AIDS preventable?

A

This is an illness that is preventable and people who live in developed countries can access medication resulting in a life expectancy the same as someone without HIV

57
Q

What percentage of Africa is effected with HIV/AIDS?

A

4%

58
Q

What is the continent with the most people infected with HIV/AIDS?

A

Africa

59
Q

What age group is most likely to be affected by HIV/AIDS and why is this an issue?

A

The majority of people with HIV/Aids are between the ages of 15 to 49 which is the prime working age. The effect on labour supply and economy is overwhelmingly negative.
Employers, schools, factories and hospitals will all suffer as they need to find and retrain staff to replace those who have become too ill to work. This severely limits development as resources are diverted to the crisis.

60
Q

How much has HIV/AIDS affected Africa economically?

A

it is estimated that the pandemic has reduced average economic growth across Africa by 2-4%

61
Q

Case Study: South Africa

Which country has the largest number of people living with HIV?

A

South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV than any other country in the world.

62
Q

Case Study: South Africa

How many people in South Africa live with HIV in 2016?

A

In 2016 7 million people lived with HIV in South Africa

63
Q

Case Study: South Africa

What is the aftermath of the HIV pandemic in South Africa?

A

The consequences of the disease mean that this country has had to prioritise resources to the treatment of a preventable disease.
Without HIV these resources could have been allocated elsewhere such as education to help the overall development of South Africa.

64
Q

Case Study: South Africa

What percentage of the world population who suffered with HIV lived in South Africa in 2016?

A

nearly 20% of the world’s adult infected population.

65
Q

What is Malaria caused by?

A

it is generally transmitted by mosquitos.

66
Q

What percentage of Malaria deaths happened in Africa?

A

91%

67
Q

What group of people are more susceptible to Malaria?

A

Children are the most susceptible to the disease. The WHO has calculated that a child under five is killed by malaria every 2 minutes

68
Q

How many cases of Malaria were there in the world in 2016?

A

According to the WHO in 2016 there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria around the world.

69
Q

How many deaths were caused by Malaria?

A

There were around 445,000 deaths from the disease.

70
Q

What part of the world is more susceptible to Malaria?

A

Africa

71
Q

Why is Africa more susceptible to disease?

A

because of the already low levels of development

72
Q

What percentage of malaria cases are in Africa?

A

Africa accounts for 90% of the world’s malaria cases

73
Q 
Case Study (Report): Malaria 
How much has tackling Malaria cost?
A

The direct cost of tackling malaria has been estimated to be “$12 billion per year but the lost economic growth is many times more than that”

74
Q 
Case Study (Report): Malaria 
What is the Centre of disease and control?
A

The Centre for Disease and Control is a US government run organisation.

75
Q 
Case Study (Report): Malaria?
What does the Centre of Disease and Control say about the effect of malaria on individuals?
A

Individuals face the cost of treatment as well as the cost of lost days at work and school.

76
Q 
Case Study (Report): Malaria 
How does Malaria impact a country's government?
A

Governments face substantial costs to maintain, supply and staff health care facilities.

77
Q 
Case Study (Report): Malaria 
How does Malaria impact the development of a country (resource wise)?
A

Like HIV this is again using resources to treats a preventable disease that could be better used to help the country develop.

78
Q 
Case Study (Report): Malaria 
Why is malaria an issue (socially)?
A

Malaria can have a detrimental long term impact on a countries development as its people are less productive and so generate less wealth needed to maintain and improve services like health care, education and reliable infrastructure.

79
Q

What happens to a country without good education?

A

Education transforms lives. It is the route out of poverty and into prosperity. A society without a good standard of education will become a breeding ground for intolerance and violence.

80
Q

Why are countries who do not prioritise education holding back their development?

A

This is because the higher levels of education someone has the more likely they are to be employed in a well-paid job and be healthier.

81
Q

Why is good healthcare important to a country?

A
  • This benefits the country as they will contribute more in tax receipts which can be invested in services and creates jobs.
  • Being healthier means that they will have less need for a health services thus reducing costs for the society.
  • Higher levels of education will also grow the number of businesses created which will create more jobs which will again help the country develop.
82
Q

the most educated countries are also (such as Europe) are also the most…

A

It is no coincidence that some of the most educated countries (such as in Europe) are also the most peaceful.

83
Q

How long is someone in the UK likely to be in education for?

A

On average someone in the UK will be in education for 13 years of their life.

84
Q

What is the average level of schooling in Africa, East Asia and the Pacific (on average)?

A

the average level of schooling in Africa is around 5 years and in East Asia and the Pacific is up to around 7 years on average.

85
Q

Why is Malaria an issue?

A

Malaria is one of the leading causes of death and disease in the developing world.

86
Q

Is malaria preventable and treatable?

A

yes

Higher Modern Studies (4 decks)

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