democracy Flashcards
3 options for scotland’s future
DevoMax (maximum devolution)
Independence
Federalism
what is Devo-Max
This option would see the Scottish Parliament granted powers by the UK Parliament for everything except defence and foreign relations.
if Devo-Max were to happen what would happen to the rest of the UK?
Scotland would have keep all taxes raised and would pay the UK for its share of the costs of defence spending, relations with other countries and its share of the UK debt.
This options does not necessarily mean any change to the rest of the UK.
advantages of Devo-Max?
This would give almost all the argued benefits of independence but the benefits of being part of a larger union.
disadvantages of Devo-Max?
Scotland would not be able to decide about going to war or be able to make agreements like re- joining the EU.
what is scottish independence?
this means Scotland leaving the United Kingdom and becoming an independent country.
what does independence mean for scotland? (politically)
This would mean that Scotland would have full responsibility for all the decisions made in Scotland and any agreements it makes with other countries.
what does independence mean for scotland (economically)
Under this model Scotland would keep all of the taxes raised in Scotland while paying for its own defence. It would also have to take on its share of UK debt.
advantages of independence?
This would give Scotland all the power to do as the people choose including following very different policies at home and abroad as the remaining UK.
disadvantages of independence?
Scotland could start of with a very high level of debt and be charged greater interest payments for it compared to what is paid by the UK
what is federalism?
This option would see not just more power for Scotland but also England broken up into smaller more powerful region. Federalism would make the UK more like the USA where the Nations (Scotland, NI & Wales) would be equal to the Regions of England.
Each part would have power over their own affairs and the UK Parliament would just be responsible for defence, foreign affairs, currency and the rules between the Nations and Regions.
disadvantages of federalism?
It could be 10 years before a party supporting this is in charge of the UK Government meaning it doesn’t address todays problems.
advantages of federalism?
This would make all parts of the UK roughly an equal size with equal power meaning Scotland could partner up with the regions of England it is similar too.
example for Devo-Max
For example, in the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic, the Scottish Government would have had the powers to bring in a lockdown earlier if it had wanted to.
what effect does Devo-Max have economically?
Devo Max risks making poorer Scotland. Currently Scotland receives more money per head than England and Wales to deal with problems like having an older and more rural population. DevoMax may mean Scotland has to raise more or cut taxes to meet this need.
example of how devo-max makes scotland a poorer country? (stats)
Scotland gets 17% more per person than the UK Average
Example of how Scottish Independence can make scotland a fairer country.
For example, the SNP argue that they would be able to spend almost £200 million more a year on thousands of nurses, police officers, teachers and doctors rather than on nuclear weapons, which is a reserved issue.
why do some argue that status-quo is a better option than independence?
it is better for the UK to stick together. Supporters argue that by the 4 nations working together they are able to tackle many of the issues that they face by pulling together to share financial risks of borrowing and work with the rest of world as a “big player”
example of why it is better for the UK to stay as one
For example, Boris Johnson argued in 2020 that it was because of the financial power of being in the United Kingdom that helped protect jobs in the Covid-19 pandemic with the government able to borrow billions cheaply.
example of how federalism would make the UK a fairer place
For example, during the pandemic Boris Johnson kept making announcements “As Prime Minister of the UK” which applied only to England which caused a lot of confusion.
why may federalism unrealistic?
many will point to the lack of support for Federalism by the people in power in England as a barrier. In the last 20 years the English have rejected efforts to give more power to local regions similar to the powers of Scotland and Wales and its only in 2020 has a Labour Leader openly suggested federalism.
example of how federalism “might help fix the UK”
For example, only in 2020 the new Labour leader Sir Kier Starmer suggested federalism might help fix the UK.
how does law making in Scotland work?
bill is introduced and voted on —> bill scrutinised in committee —> bill approved in chamber —> queen signs into the law
how does law making work in the UK?
Bill is introduced and voted on —> bill is scrutinised in committee —> bill improved in chamber —> bill passed onto 2nd chamber —> 2nd chamber —> bill is introduced and voted on —> bill is scrutinised in committee —> bill approved in chamber —> bill sent back to the first chamber if the 2nd chamber changes until both agree —-> when agreed the queen signs into the law