Labs, Vitals, & Math :) Flashcards
Respiratory Rate is __ to __ breaths per-min
12-20
Heart Rate (pulse) is __ to __ beats per minute
60-100
Body temperature is:
__._ to __._ °F
__._ to __._ °C
- 8 - 99.1°F
36. 5-37.3°C
Blood Glucose (BG) is __ to __
60-110ish
Urine output is _ to _ ml/kg/hr
1 to 2
Urine Specific Gravity: _.___ to _.___
Increased means = __________
1.005-1.030
^→dehydration
What is Hemoglobin (Hgb)?
Hemoglobin (Hgb) is __ to __ g/dL
Decreased likely means 3 things:
1) a_____
2) m__________
3) i___ ________
Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body’s organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs. So, a low Hgb level = low red blood cell count (anemia)
12–18
anemia
malnutrition
iron deficiency
Hematocrit is __% to __%) (# is typically 3x the Hgb)
What is it?
decreased → a_____
increased → d________
40–50%) (# is typically 3x the Hgb)
Measures the proportion of red blood cells in your blood
decreased → anemia
increased → dehydration
Serum albumin (alb) (normal = . to . g/dL)
decreased → m___________, m___________, l____ damage
In patients you’ll often see e____
Serum albumin (alb) (normal = 3.5–5.5 g/dL)
decreased → malnutrition (prolonged protein depletion), malabsorption, liver damage
Edema (think -> low protein levels = body unable to circulate fluids)
BUN Blood urea nitrogen :
What is it?
Normal = __–__ mg/dL
increased → severe d_________, r_____ c_________, high p______ intake
decreased → m_______, o___-_________
Blood urea nitrogen. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein.
10–20 mg/dL
increased → severe dehydration, renal compromise, high protein intake
decreased → malnutrition, over-hydration
Creatinine:
What is it?
Normal = ._ to . mg/dL
increased → d________
decreased → reduction in m_____ m____, severe m_________
Creatinine is a chemical waste product formed by the breakdown of creatine in muscle cells. It is transported into the kidney and through the bloodstream and filtered and excreted from the body in urine.
0.4–1.5
increased → dehydration
decreased → reduction in muscle mass, severe malnutrition
RBC:
Generally, they range from _ to _ cells/mcL
For extra credit:
men . to . (cells/mcL)
women . to .
4 to 6 cells/mcL
men 4.7 to 6.1 (cells/mcL)
women 4.2 to 5.
Platelets: ___,___ to ___,___
150,000 to 450,000
WBC: __k to __k:
increased = ________
WBC: 5k-10k:
infection
INR is what?
. or below is normal.
^=blood clots _________ (faster/slower)
An INR test measures the time for the blood to clot. It is also known as prothrombin time, or PT. It is used to monitor blood-thinning medicines, which are also known as anticoagulants. The INR, or international normalized ratio, can also be used to check if you have a blood clotting problem.
1.1 or below is normal.
^=blood clots slower
ALT is what?
__-__ units per liter (IU/L)
increased → liver ________, h_______, infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer
Alanine aminotransferase, usually referred to as ALT, is an enzyme that is concentrated primarily in the liver. Tests for Liver Damage.
29-33 units per liter (IU/L)
increased → liver damage, hepatitis, infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer
ESR:
What is it?
General range is: _ to __ mm/hr
Increase = I___________
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube.
0 to 30 mm/hr
Increase = Inflammation
Extra Credit:
0 to 22 mm/hr for men
0 to 29 mm/hr for women.
Hypotonic or Hypertonic or Isotonic?
0.45% sodium chloride (NS) =
3% sodium chloride (NS) =
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride =
D5W =
0.9% (NS) = isotonic
Lactated Ringers =
D5NS =
D5 0.45NS =
TPN =
Albumin (plasma volume expander) =
0.33% NS = hypotonic
0.45% sodium chloride (NS) = hypotonic
3% sodium chloride = hypertonic
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride = hypertonic
D5W = isotonic
0.9% (NS) = isotonic
Lactated Ringers = isotonic
D5NS = hypertonic
D5 0.45NS = hypertonic
TPN = hypertonic
Albumin (plasma volume expander) = hypertonic
0.33% NS = hypotonic
Generally speaking, what does Lactated Ringer’s contain?
Sodium and electrolytes
Which labs do we look for, for Pancreatitis?
At what numbers do we suspect pancreatitis?
Amylase & Lipase
Above 200 U/L (although even above 140-150ish is too high)
Normal serum Protein level = _ to _ g/dL)
6-8 g/dL
If your total protein level is low, you may have a liver or kidney problem, or it may be that protein isn’t being digested or absorbed properly. A high total protein level could indicate dehydration or a certain type of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, that causes protein to accumulate abnormally.
Urine MINIMUM Output =
__mL/hr
or
___ to ____mL/day
Anything less indicates k_____ _______
30mL/hr
or
800 to 2,000kmL/day
less=kidney failure
Normal Daily fluid Intake & Output = ~____ mL / day
~2,600 mL / day
pH = _.__ to _.__
PaCO2 = __ to __
^What is this & what does it measure?
HCO3 = __ to __
^What is this & what does it measure?
pH = 7.35 to 7.45
(The pH measures hydrogen ions (H+) in blood.)
PaCO2 = 35-45
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Measures carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.
HCO3 = 22 to 26
Measures Bicarbonate, a form of carbon dioxide, in your blood. Also known as HCO3, it’s a byproduct of your body’s METABOLISM.
When calculating metabolic/respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, which value do we reverse?
In other words, which is the value that goes high (on the right) to low (on the left)?
PaCO2
Remember the chart from patho -> HCO3 was on the bottom and PaCO2 was in the middle.
PaO2 >__
^What is this & what does it measure?
SaO2 >__%
^What is this & what does it measure?
PaO2 >80
Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). This measures the pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood and how well oxygen is able to move from the airspace of the lungs into the blood.
SaO2 >95%
Oxygen saturation measures how much of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells is carrying oxygen (O2).
K =
3.5-5
Na =
135-145
Mag =
1.8-2.5
Cal =
8.5-10.5
Phos =
2.5-4.5
Cl (chloride) =
96-106
Stomach Acid pH = . to .
1.5 to 3.5
How to calculate BMI?
lbs * 703 / inches²
Normal : BMI __.-__. kg/m²
Overweight : BMI __-__._ kg/m²
Obese : BMI __-__._ kg/m²
Extreme (morbid) Obesity: ≥ __ kg/m²
Normal : BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²
Overweight : BMI 25-29.9 kg/m²
Obese : BMI 30-39.9 kg/m²
Extreme (morbid) Obesity: ≥ 40 kg/m²
Recommended Nutritional Intake:
Calcium = _,___ mg daily for adults 19+ yrs (pregnant or not)
1,000mg daily for adults 19+ yrs (pregnant or not)
Recommended Nutritional Intake:
Sodium = . g to . g daily
1.5g to 2.5g daily
Recommended Nutritional Intake:
Water = _ L to _ L daily
2L - 3L daily
Recommended Nutritional Intake:
Vegetables = . cups
2.5 cups
Recommended Nutritional Intake:
Fruits = _ cups
2 cups
Recommended Nutritional Intake:
Grains = _ oz+
3oz+
1 lb of body fat = ___ calories
500 calories
In other words, cut diet by 500 calories per-week to loose 1 lb per-week.
1cc = _ g = _ mL
1 g, 1 mL
1mL = __ gtts
1mL = 15gtts
1tsp = _ mL
3 tsp = _ tbsp
1tsp = 5 mL
3 tsp = 1 tbsp
1oz = __mL
1oz = 30mL
Normal Bilirubin = . to . mg/dL
Increased = A_____; b______ obstruction and disease; h________
Total: 0.3 to 1.0 mg/dL
Increased = Anemia; biliary obstruction and disease; hepatitis
