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Med Surg 1 > Labs, Vitals, & Math :) > Flashcards

Labs, Vitals, & Math :) Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Rate is __ to __ breaths per-min

A

12-20

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2
Q

Heart Rate (pulse) is __ to __ beats per minute

A

60-100

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3
Q

Body temperature is:
__._ to __._ °F
__._ to __._ °C

A
  1. 8 - 99.1°F

36. 5-37.3°C

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4
Q

Blood Glucose (BG) is __ to __

A

60-110ish

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5
Q

Urine output is _ to _ ml/kg/hr

A

1 to 2

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6
Q

Urine Specific Gravity: _.___ to _.___

Increased means = __________

A

1.005-1.030

^→dehydration

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7
Q

What is Hemoglobin (Hgb)?

Hemoglobin (Hgb) is __ to __ g/dL

Decreased likely means 3 things:

1) a_____
2) m__________
3) i___ ________

A

Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body’s organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs. So, a low Hgb level = low red blood cell count (anemia)

12–18

anemia
malnutrition
iron deficiency

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8
Q

Hematocrit is __% to __%) (# is typically 3x the Hgb)

What is it?

decreased → a_____
increased → d________

A

40–50%) (# is typically 3x the Hgb)

Measures the proportion of red blood cells in your blood

decreased → anemia
increased → dehydration

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9
Q

Serum albumin (alb) (normal = . to . g/dL)

decreased → m___________, m___________, l____ damage

In patients you’ll often see e____

A

Serum albumin (alb) (normal = 3.5–5.5 g/dL)

decreased → malnutrition (prolonged protein depletion), malabsorption, liver damage

Edema (think -> low protein levels = body unable to circulate fluids)

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10
Q

BUN Blood urea nitrogen :

What is it?

Normal = __–__ mg/dL

increased → severe d_________, r_____ c_________, high p______ intake

decreased → m_______, o___-_________

A

Blood urea nitrogen. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein.

10–20 mg/dL

increased → severe dehydration, renal compromise, high protein intake

decreased → malnutrition, over-hydration

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11
Q

Creatinine:

What is it?

Normal = ._ to . mg/dL

increased → d________

decreased → reduction in m_____ m____, severe m_________

A

Creatinine is a chemical waste product formed by the breakdown of creatine in muscle cells. It is transported into the kidney and through the bloodstream and filtered and excreted from the body in urine.

0.4–1.5

increased → dehydration

decreased → reduction in muscle mass, severe malnutrition

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12
Q

RBC:

Generally, they range from _ to _ cells/mcL

For extra credit:
men . to . (cells/mcL)
women . to .

A

4 to 6 cells/mcL

men 4.7 to 6.1 (cells/mcL)
women 4.2 to 5.

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13
Q

Platelets: ___,___ to ___,___

A

150,000 to 450,000

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14
Q

WBC: __k to __k:

increased = ________

A

WBC: 5k-10k:

infection

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15
Q

INR is what?

. or below is normal.

^=blood clots _________ (faster/slower)

A

An INR test measures the time for the blood to clot. It is also known as prothrombin time, or PT. It is used to monitor blood-thinning medicines, which are also known as anticoagulants. The INR, or international normalized ratio, can also be used to check if you have a blood clotting problem.

1.1 or below is normal.

^=blood clots slower

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16
Q

ALT is what?

__-__ units per liter (IU/L)

increased → liver ________, h_______, infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer

A

Alanine aminotransferase, usually referred to as ALT, is an enzyme that is concentrated primarily in the liver. Tests for Liver Damage.

29-33 units per liter (IU/L)

increased → liver damage, hepatitis, infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer

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17
Q

ESR:

What is it?

General range is: _ to __ mm/hr

Increase = I___________

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube.

0 to 30 mm/hr

Increase = Inflammation

Extra Credit:
0 to 22 mm/hr for men
0 to 29 mm/hr for women.

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18
Q

Hypotonic or Hypertonic or Isotonic?

0.45% sodium chloride (NS) =

3% sodium chloride (NS) =

Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride =

D5W =

0.9% (NS) = isotonic

Lactated Ringers =

D5NS =

D5 0.45NS =

TPN =

Albumin (plasma volume expander) =

0.33% NS = hypotonic

A

0.45% sodium chloride (NS) = hypotonic

3% sodium chloride = hypertonic

Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride = hypertonic

D5W = isotonic

0.9% (NS) = isotonic

Lactated Ringers = isotonic

D5NS = hypertonic

D5 0.45NS = hypertonic

TPN = hypertonic

Albumin (plasma volume expander) = hypertonic

0.33% NS = hypotonic

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19
Q

Generally speaking, what does Lactated Ringer’s contain?

A

Sodium and electrolytes

20
Q

Which labs do we look for, for Pancreatitis?

At what numbers do we suspect pancreatitis?

A

Amylase & Lipase

Above 200 U/L (although even above 140-150ish is too high)

21
Q

Normal serum Protein level = _ to _ g/dL)

A

6-8 g/dL

If your total protein level is low, you may have a liver or kidney problem, or it may be that protein isn’t being digested or absorbed properly. A high total protein level could indicate dehydration or a certain type of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, that causes protein to accumulate abnormally.

22
Q

Urine MINIMUM Output =

__mL/hr
or
___ to ____mL/day

Anything less indicates k_____ _______

A

30mL/hr
or
800 to 2,000kmL/day

less=kidney failure

23
Q

Normal Daily fluid Intake & Output = ~____ mL / day

A

~2,600 mL / day

24
Q

pH = _.__ to _.__

PaCO2 = __ to __
^What is this & what does it measure?

HCO3 = __ to __
^What is this & what does it measure?

A

pH = 7.35 to 7.45
(The pH measures hydrogen ions (H+) in blood.)

PaCO2 = 35-45
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Measures carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.

HCO3 = 22 to 26
Measures Bicarbonate, a form of carbon dioxide, in your blood. Also known as HCO3, it’s a byproduct of your body’s METABOLISM.

25
Q

When calculating metabolic/respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, which value do we reverse?

In other words, which is the value that goes high (on the right) to low (on the left)?

A

PaCO2

Remember the chart from patho -> HCO3 was on the bottom and PaCO2 was in the middle.

26
Q

PaO2 >__
^What is this & what does it measure?

SaO2 >__%
^What is this & what does it measure?

A

PaO2 >80
Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). This measures the pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood and how well oxygen is able to move from the airspace of the lungs into the blood.

SaO2 >95%
Oxygen saturation measures how much of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells is carrying oxygen (O2).

27
Q

K =

A

3.5-5

28
Q

Na =

A

135-145

29
Q

Mag =

A

1.8-2.5

30
Q

Cal =

A

8.5-10.5

31
Q

Phos =

A

2.5-4.5

32
Q

Cl (chloride) =

A

96-106

33
Q

Stomach Acid pH = . to .

A

1.5 to 3.5

34
Q

How to calculate BMI?

A

lbs * 703 / inches²

35
Q

Normal : BMI __.-__. kg/m²
Overweight : BMI __-__._ kg/m²
Obese : BMI __-__._ kg/m²
Extreme (morbid) Obesity: ≥ __ kg/m²

A

Normal : BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²
Overweight : BMI 25-29.9 kg/m²
Obese : BMI 30-39.9 kg/m²
Extreme (morbid) Obesity: ≥ 40 kg/m²

36
Q

Recommended Nutritional Intake:

Calcium = _,___ mg daily for adults 19+ yrs (pregnant or not)

A

1,000mg daily for adults 19+ yrs (pregnant or not)

37
Q

Recommended Nutritional Intake:

Sodium = . g to . g daily

A

1.5g to 2.5g daily

38
Q

Recommended Nutritional Intake:

Water = _ L to _ L daily

A

2L - 3L daily

39
Q

Recommended Nutritional Intake:

Vegetables = . cups

A

2.5 cups

40
Q

Recommended Nutritional Intake:

Fruits = _ cups

A

2 cups

41
Q

Recommended Nutritional Intake:

Grains = _ oz+

A

3oz+

42
Q

1 lb of body fat = ___ calories

A

500 calories

In other words, cut diet by 500 calories per-week to loose 1 lb per-week.

43
Q

1cc = _ g = _ mL

A

1 g, 1 mL

44
Q

1mL = __ gtts

A

1mL = 15gtts

45
Q

1tsp = _ mL

3 tsp = _ tbsp

A

1tsp = 5 mL

3 tsp = 1 tbsp

46
Q

1oz = __mL

A

1oz = 30mL

47
Q

Normal Bilirubin = . to . mg/dL

Increased = A_____; b______ obstruction and disease; h________

A

Total: 0.3 to 1.0 mg/dL

Increased = Anemia; biliary obstruction and disease; hepatitis

Med Surg 1 (4 decks)

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