labs final Flashcards
1
Q
micropipette
A
measures and transfers micro amounts of liquid
2
Q
dropper bottle
A
dispenses drops of liquid
3
Q
digital scale
A
measures weight -more precise
4
Q
Spectrophotometer
A
measures light absorbance
5
Q
watch glass
A
holds liquids or solids samples
6
Q
gel electrophoresis box
A
separates DNA fragments
7
Q
ruler
A
measures length
8
Q
Agar plate
A
grows bacteria colonies
9
Q
Chromatography (paper & solvent)
A
separates pigments based on size and polarity
10
Q
Compound microscope
A
2D, image is flipped, 1 light source
11
Q
dissecting microscope
A
3D, image isn’t flipped, 2 light source
12
Q
bacteria
A
domain: bacteria
prokaryotic
both- heterotrophic and autotrophic
13
Q
Protist
A
domain: Eukarya
Eukaryotic
both- heterotrophic and autotrophic
14
Q
plants
A
domain: Eukarya
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
15
Q
animals
A
domain: eukarya
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
16
Q
Fungi
A
domain: Eukarya
eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
17
Q
Bryophyte: moss & liverwort
A
vascular tissue: Absent
pollen: Absent
Seed: Absent
Flower: Absent
Fruit: Absent
18
Q
Pterophyte: fern and horsetail
A
Vascular tissue: Present
Pollen: Absent
Seed: Absent
Flower: Absent
Fruit: Absent
19
Q
Gymnosperm: cycad and Conifer
A
Vascular tissue: present
Pollen: present
seed: Present
Flower: Absent
Fruit: Absent
20
Q
Angiosperm: lily and carnation
A
Vascular tissue: Present
Pollen: Present
Seed: present
Flower: Present
Fuit: Present
21
Q
Porifera
A
Body symmetry: Asymmetry
Tissue: Absent
Sample organism: Sponge
22
Q
Platyhelminthes
A
Body symmetry: bilateral
Tissue: present
Sample organism: flatworm and tapeworm
23
Q
Cnidaria
A
Body symmetry: Radial
Tissue: present
Sample organism: jellyfish or coral
24
Q
Mollusca
A
Body symmetry: Bilateral
Tissue: present
Sample organism: snail and squid
25
Annelida
Body symmetry: Bilateral
Tissue: Present
Sample organism: earthworm and leech
26
Nematoda
Body symmetry: Bilateral
Tissue: present
Sample organism: roundworms
27
Arthropoda
Body symmetry: Bilateral
Tissue: present
Sample organism: insects and crab or lobster
28
Echinodermata
Body symmetry: bilateral
Tissue: present
Sample organism: a sand dollar or seastar
29
Chordata
Body symmetry: bilateral
Tissue: present
Sample organism: birds, fish or reptile
30
Sudan
fat (lipids)
31
Biuret
protein
32
Benedict’s
sample sugar
33
Iodine
starch
34
Three groups of organic macromolecules that provide energy in food
Carbohydrate: 4 cal
Proteins: 4 cal
fats: 9 cal
35
weight
grams
measured by digital scale
36
volume
liters
measured by graduated cylinder
37
temperature
celsius
measured by thermostat
38
length
meter
measured by ruler
39
The dependent variable should be plotted on the
y axis
40
The independent variable should be plotted on the
x axis
41
quantitative
weight, volume, length, and temperature
42
qualitative
include qualities such as color, smell, and taste
43
iodine positive and negative results
postive: black
negative: Yellow
44
Biuret positive and negative results
postive: purple
negative: Blue
45
For the enzyme experiment that you conducted using the starch, amylase, and Benedict’s the solution, identify whether each of the following is the substrate, enzyme, or the product
Starch: substrate
Glucose: product
Amylase: enzyme
46
List the three Domains that encompass all living things
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
47
When you switch the objective lens from low to high magnification, the field of view
decreases
48
Bacilli shape
rod shape
49
Cocci
round
50
spirilla
spiral
51
List the reactants for photosynthesis.
Water and carbon dioxide (and light)
52
Which two colors of light does chlorophyll absorb the most?
red and blue
53
For the enzyme experiment that you conducted with the yeast and hydrogen peroxide, identify
whether each of the following is the substrate, enzyme or the product:
Oxygen gas: product
Catalase: enzyme
Hydrogen Peroxide: substrate
54
List one similarity and two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Similar: both have a membrane
difference:
* Eukaryotic cells contain organelles
* Eukaryotic cells are larger
55
Sudan test positive or negative
postive: stains the food pink
negative: doesn't stain the food
56
Benedic test
positive: red/green/yellow
negative: blue
57
List the products of photosynthesis.
oxygen and glucose
58
Which color of light does chlorophyll absorb the least
Green
59
Name three organelles or structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole
60
When you switch the objective lens from high to low magnification, the field of view
increase
61
When locating a specimen under the microscope for the first time, which objective lens should
you use first and why?
You should use the smallest objective lens (4x) because it has the largest field of view, and it will
be easiest to locate the specimen
62
When viewing a specimen under high magnification, which focus knob should you use and why
You should only use the fine focus knob with the high magnification, otherwise the stage will
move too fast, and you will lose the specimen and may scratch the lens and break the slide.
63
Describe one method of determining whether a colony growing on your exposure plate is a
fungus or bacteria.
Fungus will grow fuzzy, and bacteria will grow smooth
64
List two colony characteristics that microbiologists can use to describe bacterial colonies
shape, texture, elevation
65
Yeast belong to Domain___ and kingdom__
Eukarya and fungi
66
Fruticose
branched
67
crustose
small and flat
68
List three different groups that contain microorganisms. Identify whether each of these groups
is eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Animals – eukaryotic
Protists – eukaryotic
Bacteria – prokaryotic
69
Foliose
leafy
70
When conducting a gel electrophoresis experiment, the wells should be placed next to which electrode? POSITIVE or NEGATIVE?
Negative
71
The (large / small) fragments of DNA will travel slower and will end up (close to / far from) the wells by the end of the experiment.
large and closer to
72
When conducting a gel electrophoresis experiment, the DNA
fragments travel towards which electrode? POSITIVE or NEGATIVE?
Postive
73
The (large / small) fragments of DNA will travel faster and will end up (close to / far from) the
wells by the end of the experiment.
smal, far from
74
Describe or illustrate two characteristics of Dicots
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 and branched leaf veins
75
Describe or illustrate two characteristics of Monocots
Flower parts in multiples of 3 and fibrous roots
76
ist two examples of terrestrial biomes
Tropical rainforest, grassland, tundra, desert
77
List two examples of aquatic biomes
Open ocean, deep sea, coral reef, lake, river
78
List five senses that humans have
smell, taste, hearing, touch, and sight
79
List or describe two senses that other animals have that humans lack and explain how these senses
help the animal catch prey, avoid predators or find a mate.
Echolocation: use sound to locate prey, useful when visibility is poor (at night, in murky water, etc.)
Magnetoreception: ability to navigate and orient using the Earth’s magnetic field. Helps animals
migrate over long distances. Helps insects such as bees locate flowers for pollen and nectar
80
Which terrestrial biome has the lowest amount of rainfall (is the driest)
the desert
81
Chaparral biome
climate:
plant and animal adpationtions
-climate: by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters
-plants are adapted to recover from
periodic wildfires, and many species require fire to germinate successfully
- Animals living in the chaparral do not require much water, they have a smaller body size to prevent over-heating,
82
For the predation experiment that you conducted with the colored beads on the patterned cloth,
identify the following. (0.4 points)
Independent variable: _____________________________________________________
Dependent variable: _______________________________________________________
Two standardized variables: _________________________________________________
Independent variable: bead color
Dependent variable: number of survivors
Two standardized variables: predation tool, time, etc
83
Tundra biome
climate:
plant and animal adpationtions
Climate: Tundra winters are long, dark, and cold. Below the surface, there is a layer of permanently frozen ground called permafrost.
Plants grow close together and close to the ground so they are insulated during the cold winters.
year-round residents have thick, insulating cover of feathers or fur, plumage that turns white in winter and brown in summer. Some migrate to the south during the winter but return during the summer
84
For the predation experiment that you conducted with the clear beads on the white cloth, identify
the following. (0.4 points)
Two standardized variables: _____________________________________________________
Independent variable: __________________________________________________________
Dependent variable: ___________________________________________________________
Two standardized variables: predation tool, time, etc.
Independent variable: bead shape
Dependent variable: number of survivors
85
Which terrestrial biome has the highest amount of rainfall
tropical rainforest
86
What color would cresol red turn in a solution that contains water and carbon dioxide (low pH)?
yellow
87
chlorophyll a
green
88
chlorophyll b
green
89
carotene
yellow
90
xanthophyll
yellow
91
The percentage of floating leaf disks is a reasonable measure of photosynthetic rate because the leaves float due to ________ production.
oxygen
92
If you placed an Elodea plant in a solution of cresol that was yellow due to the presence of carbon dioxide in water, and you placed this setup in the dark, would you expect the solution to turn red over time? Why or why not?
No, because the plant cannot photosynthesize in the dark.
93
Provide a biological reason for why yeast cannot use certain sugars for fermentation.
Yeast lack the necessary enzymes for that sugar.
94
Lichens can often survive in very harsh environments that most other organisms cannot tolerate. What characteristics of lichens allow them to survive in such environments? Select ALL that apply.
The fungi provide protection
The algae provide a source of food
95
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence G-A-T-T-A-C-A, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?
C-T-A-A-T-G-T
96
