Labs and shit Flashcards
Purpose of labs
establish diagnosis, rule out clinical problem, monitor therapy, establish prognosis, screen for disease, determine effective drug dosage / prevent toxicity
Arterial blood collection is used for what?
blood gases (ABG)
what 3 tests are used the most?
Basic metabolic panel (7), complete metabolic panel (14), and CBC
indications for CBC
routine work up, RBC related symptoms, WBC related symptoms, Platelet related symptoms
WBC increase from what type of infection?
bacterial
Leukocytosis (increased WBC)
infection, leukemia
Leukopenia (decreased WBC)
bone marrow failure, drugs, overwhelming infection, immunosuppressant
frequency of wbc
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
PMN
phagocytes, 1st to respond to inflammation or infection
2 types, mature=segs, immature=bands.
increased during bacterial infection
pancytopenia
all CBC are decreased
Lymphocytes
B and T cells, involved in immune reactions, increase in viral infections, decreased is normal in 22% of population
Monocytes
active in disposing of foreign and waste material, esp. inflammation
eosinophils
respond to allergic run and parasitic infestations.
increased from allergy or parasites
basophils (mast cells)
respond to allergic and inflammatory rxn
increase is rare
most important RBCs
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
RBC
- count of circulating RBCs
- increases in heart or lung disease, dehydration (erythrocytosis-illeness, physiological response/high altitude)
- decreases in kidney disease(anemia (>disease))
Hemoglobin
- Measure of total amount of Hg in the blood
- increased- dehydration, polycythemia
- Decreased- macrocyclic anemia (b12, folate def.), normocytic anemia, microcytic anemia (iron def.)
Hematocrit
- measure of the % of total blood volume that is made up of RBCs
- increased- Polycythemia
- Decreased- iron deficiency anemia, acute or chronic blood loss
MCH
- measure of avg. amount of Hg (wt.) within a RNC
- increased- macrocytosis
- decreased- microcytosis
MCV (most important)
- measure of avg. volume of single RBCs
- Increased (macrocytosis)- megaloblastic anemia (b12, folate def.)
- decreased (microcytosis)- iron def. anemia
- normal (normocytosis)
- decrease from chronic disease
- if H&H is low and MCV is low then iron def. anemia is the cause
MCHC/RDW
- measure of avg [] or % of Hg within a single RBCs
- decreased= iron def. anemia
Platelets
- Bleeding and clotting disorders
- increase- trauma
- decreased- ITP or DIC or drugs
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation (very bad)
CMP
BMP + liver tests
increased Glucose
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasic, unexplained weight loss, diabetes mellitus
decreased glucose
h/a, visual changes, diaphoresis, confusion, tremor, palpitations, drugs
BUN
evaluates kidney function
Increased BUN
renal failure (acute or chronic)
Creatinine
Evaluate kidney function
increased creatinine
acute/chronic renal failure
Sodium
major cation in the extracellular space
increased sodium
dehydration (excessive sweating, severe V/D
decreased sodium
CHF, Cirrhosis, V/D, drugs
Chloride
major extracellular anion
decreased chloride
V/D, over-treatment w/ diuretics
Potassium
major cation within the cell
increased potassium
acute/chronic renal failure
decreased potassium
prolonged V/D
