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PNP Boards > Labs and Health Screenings > Flashcards

Labs and Health Screenings Flashcards

1
Q

Normal hemoglobin value (Newborn and Infant-Adolescent)

A

Newborn: 14-24

Infant-Adolescent: 11-16

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2
Q

Normal hematocrit values (newborn, 1 month, 1 year-adolescent)

A

Newborn: 42-60
1 Month: 33-55
1 Year-Adolescent: 33-43

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3
Q

Normal red blood cell values

A

4.0-5.2

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4
Q

Normal WBC (x 1000) values (Newborn, 1 month, 1 Year-Adolescent)

A

Newborn: 9-30
1 Month: 5-19.5
1 Year to Adolescent: 5-14

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5
Q

Normal neutrophils (segs %)

A

33-60

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6
Q

Normal bands % (immature neutrophils)

A

0-5

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7
Q

Normal lymphocyte % (Newborn, Infant-11, Adolescent)

A

Newborn: 25-33
Infant-11: 31-60
Adolescent: 20-45

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8
Q

Normal platelets

A

150-400

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9
Q

Increased hemoglobin:

A

Polycythemia (overproduction of RBCs due to hypoxia)
Dehydration
Intravascular hemolysis

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10
Q

Decreased hemoglobin:

A 
Anemia
Hemodilution
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Hemorrhage
Hyperthyroidism
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11
Q

Increased hematocrit:

A

Polycythemia (overproduction of RBCs due to hypoxia)
Dehydration
Erythrocytosis

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12
Q

Decreased hematocrit:

A 
Anemia
Hemorrhage
Hyperthyroidism
Leukemia
Cirrhosis
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13
Q

Increased RBCs:

A

Dehydration
Hemorrhage
Severe diarrhea
Acute poisoning

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14
Q

Decreased RBCs:

A 
Blood loss
Low iron intake
Lead poisoning
Leukemia
Rheumatic fever
SLE
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
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15
Q

Increased WBCs:

A 
Bacterial infection
Acute hemorrhage
Serum sickness
Steroid use
Hemolysis
Leukemia
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16
Q

Decreased WBCs:

A

Bone marrow depression (viral infection, hypersplenia, leukemia, certain drugs)

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17
Q

Band cell or stab (immature neutrophil) increased “shift to the left”:

A

Indicates severe bacterial infection (i.e. sepsis or pneumonia)

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18
Q

Increased neutrophils:

A

Bacterial infection
DKA
Stress response/ emotional distress
Inflammatory disease

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19
Q

Decreased neutrophils (neutropenia):

A

Viral infection (hepatitis, mono)
Chemotherapy or radiation
Immune deficiencies
Malignancies

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20
Q

Increased lymphocytes:

A

Viral infection
Lymphocytic leukemia
Ulcerative colitis
Immune diseases

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21
Q

Decreased lymphocytes:

A 
Immunosuppressive therapy
Hodgkin's disease
Burns or trauma
Cushing syndrome
Corticosteroid usage
HIV infection
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22
Q

Atypical lymphocytes:

A

Common in premature and healthy newborns

May indicate viral infection (mono or hepatitis)

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23
Q

Increased platelets:

A 
Acute infection
Malignancy
Splenectomy
Trauma
RA
Kawasaki disease
24
Q

Decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia):

A

Leukemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Drugs (penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
DIC
Viral infection
HIV

25
Q

Increased sodium (>145):

A 
Dehydration
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diabetes insipidus
Cushing syndrome
26
Q

Decreased sodium (

A 
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Burns
DKA
Addison's disease
Renal failure
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
27
Q

Increased potassium (>5):

A

Acidosis

Renal failure

28
Q

Decreased potassium (

A 
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Dehydration 
Malabsorption
Diuretics
Anti-inflammatory drugs
29
Q

Increased blood urea nitrogen BUN (>20):

A 
High protein diet
Renal obstruction or disease
GI hemorrhage
Dehydration
Shock
30
Q

Decreased blood urea nitrogen BUN (

A

Hemodilution
Pregnancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver failure

31
Q

Increased creatinine (more sensitive indicator of renal function than BUN) (>1):

A

Renal dysfunction
Urinary tract obstruction
Dehydration
Muscle disease

32
Q

Normal bilirubin at birth:

A

1.5

33
Q

Normal bilirubin 4 days old:

A

Breast fed: 7.3
Bottle fed: 5.7
Levels > 20 are neurotoxic

34
Q

Normal bilirubin infant and child:

A

Total: less than 1.5
Direct (conjugated): 0.2-0.4
Indirect (unconjugated): 0.4 to 0.8

35
Q

Normal lead value:

A

Less than 10

36
Q

Normal cholesterol (newborn, infant, child/adolescent):

A

Newborn: 45-167
Infant: 70-190
Child/ Adolescent: Less than 170

37
Q

Normal urine specific gravity:

A

1.001 to 1.003

Greater than 1.003 indicates dehydration or glomerulonephritis
Lower than 1.001 indicates diabetes insipidus or severe renal damage

38
Q

Normal urine pH:

A

5-8
Increase (alkaline) my indicate UTI or salicilate intoxication
Decrease (acidic) may indicate acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea or dehydration

39
Q

Glucose in urine:

A

Glucose in urine should be negative. Presence of sugar may indicate diabetes or other metabolic disorders.

40
Q

Protein in urine:

A

Protein in urine should be negative. Presence of protein may indicate renal disease (nephritis or nephrosis), exercise, SLE, or orthostatic proteinuria.

41
Q

Ketones in urine:

A

Ketones in urine should be negative. Presence of ketones may indicate fever, dehydration, anorexia, diarrhea, fasting, or prolonged vomiting.

42
Q

Nitrites in urine:

A

Nitrites in urine should be negative. Presence of nitrites strongly suggests UTI.

43
Q

WBCs in urine:

A

Greater than 4 WBCs may indicate UTI, fever, pyelonephritis, TB, nephrosis

44
Q

RBCs in urine:

A

Greater than 2 RBCs may indicate UTI, pyelonephritis, SLE, renal stones, trauma, hemophilia, malignant hypertension.

45
Q

Bacteria in urine:

A

Bacteria in urine should be negative. 100,000 colonies/mL or more of a single pathogen in urine culture by clean catch confirms a UTI. Repeat urine culture should be obtained for a result of 10,000 to 100,000 colonies/mL.

46
Q

Vision screenings begin at age:

A

3 years old

47
Q

Refer to ophthalmology for visual acuity:

A

Ages 3-5: less than 20/40
Ages 6 and up: less than 20/30
Any age with two line differences or more between eyes

48
Q

Hearing screenings begin at age:

A

4 years old

49
Q

Refer to audiology if:

A

Hearing thresholds are greater than 20 dB at any age.

50
Q

Positive Mantoux (TB) test:

A

15mm induration with no risk factors
10 mm induration if less than 4 yo or those with risk factors
5mm induration if household member of active or previously active TB cases, or if HIV positive/ immunosuppressed

51
Q

Children that have blood lead levels above ___ should have cognitive development evaluated:

A

14 ug/dL

52
Q

Chelation of lead is indicated for levels of ___ or more:

A

45 ug/dL

53
Q

Cholesterol screening is recommended for:

A

Children 2 years of age and older who have a parent with a total cholesterol level of 240 or greater, and children who are overweight. Do not need to fast.

54
Q

Lipid profile is recommended for:

A

Children 2 years of age and older with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease (MI, sudden cardiac death, angina, etc.), and children who are overweight. Must fast for 12 hours

55
Q

Elevated total cholesterol level in children and adolescents is ___ and a high LDL level is ___:

A

Cholesterol > or equal to 200

LDL > or equal to 130

PNP Boards (26 decks)

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