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GU > LABS > Flashcards

LABS Flashcards

1
Q

Fatty casts are ass/w?

A

Nephrotic syndrome mostly

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2
Q

ARF cause if FE sodium is <1 percent

A

Decreased perfusion (Hypovolemia or dehydration)
Kidney is retaining water/NA to increase volume -
UA Na is low

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3
Q

Crystal types

A

Uric acid
Calcium phosphate/oxalate
Cystine - Hereditary cystinuria
Struvite - Infection stones - (urease- proteus/klebsiella)

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4
Q

Trace protein indicates quan of?

A

<150mg/D

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5
Q

Other reasons keytones would be positive?

A

Starvation/Fasting, Carb free diet, dehydration, preg, ETOH

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6
Q

Gold standard of GFR measurement is?

A

Inulin Carb - (MC and convenient is Creatinine clearance)

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7
Q

Increased SG indicates?

A

Dehydration/Shock

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8
Q

Decreased SG indicates?

A

Overhydration, Cant concentrate urine

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9
Q

RBC casts are hallmark of?

A

Glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

GF pH is?

A

7.4 (acidifies thru tubules)

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11
Q

MOst important measurement of renal FX?

A

GFR - (Kidney status and RX adjustments)

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12
Q

FE sodium concept is

A

Amount of NA remaining in urine after filtration

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13
Q

pH is good for assessing?

A

UTI, Stones, Renal tubular acidosis

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14
Q

Cockcroft & gault formula?

A

(140-age) x (Ideal body weight Kg) / Plasma Cr x 72

Multiple total by 0.85 for females

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15
Q

NL GFR range is?

A

90-120mL/min

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16
Q

NL bun range is?

A

5-20mg/dL

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17
Q

BUN is decreased w/?

A

**Liver DZ - (Cant metabolize ammonia to urea)
Renal HYPERperfusion (Preggo, SIADH)
Overhydrated

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18
Q

WBC casts w/ EOS are seen W/?

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

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19
Q

Broad casts indicate what?

A

Severe urinary stasis

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20
Q

Random UA pH NL range?

A

4.5-8.0

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21
Q

Waxy casts are ass/w?

A

Severe urine stasis in tubules - CKF

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22
Q

WBC Casts are ass/w?

A

Acute pyelonephritis vs Low UTI D/O

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23
Q

Protein is often an 1st indication of?

A

Renal disease

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24
Q

Micro- Types of epithelial cells

A

Squam - >10/HPF = contamination
Transitional - LRG/Clumping = neoplasm (req cytology)
R. Tubular - DX for ATN (ischemic or nephrotoxic)

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25
Q

F= of Blood Dipstick due to?

A

High Vit-C (ascorbic acid)

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26
Q

W/out using a 24hr creatine clearance collection what is another way to determine GFR?

A
  1. Cockcroft & Gault

2. Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD)

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27
Q

Increased Scr is due to ?

A

Renal failure

Increased protein diet/muscle

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28
Q

Azotemia is?

A

Excess nitrogenous waste

29
Q

Decreased Scr is due to?

A

Veg diet

Decreased muscle mass (OLD/PED)

30
Q

Mechanisms of regulating GFR?

A

Controlling BF in/out by changing diameter of AFF/EFF

Control Glom surface area by contract/relax mesangial cells.

31
Q

F= Leukocyte esterase can be due to?

A

Concentrated Urine
Glycosuria
RX - Tetracycline/Cephalexin

32
Q

ARF cause if FE sodium is >1 percent (often >3)

A

Intrinsic renal disease

Kidney is losing NA inappropiately - Urine Na is high.

33
Q

Another name for transitional epithelials?

A

Urothelial cells

34
Q

Casts are formed how?

A

Formed in the DCT/CD w/ Tamm-Horsfall protein and suggest parenchymal DZ

35
Q

Increased BUN:Creatinine ratio is due to?

A

Prerenal - Dehydration

Postrenal - Obstruct

36
Q

F+ nitrite due to?

A

Contamination/gross hematuria

37
Q

Waxy casts are essentially what?

A

End stage disinegration of a cast

38
Q

Bilirubin dispstick detects?

A

Conjugated bili (unconjugates is insoluble)

39
Q

Dipstick keytones detects what? Useful for?

A

Acetic acid - ketosis, DKA

40
Q

If you suspect UTI or Pyelonephritis should order?

A

UA Cx (>100k pos - 1-10k can still be + however)

41
Q

Fractional excretion of sodium is used when?

A

Suspecting acute renal failure (most accurate with oliguria)

42
Q

RBC morphology characteristics

A

Round/NL - Dz along epithelial lining
Dysmorphic - Irreg shape = nephritic disease
Crenated - Concentrated urine
Ghost RBC - swollen (dilute urine)

43
Q

Micro - WBC eval cutoff?

A

> 5 WBC/HPF = pyuria (urinary tract injury)

44
Q

Most accurate creatinine clearance is by?

A

24h UA collection (impractical)

45
Q

Urobiligen range? detects?

A

NL= 0.2-1.0mg/dL

Byproduct of Conjugated bili breakdown in GI by bacteria

46
Q

Orange colored urine RX

A

Phenazopyridine
Nitrofuranotin
Rifampin
Metronidazole

47
Q

1st AM UA pH NL range?

48
Q

BUN Creatinine ratio NL ratio is?

49
Q

Factors of GFR are?

A

Age, Size, Physiological status

50
Q

Leukocyte esterase is from?

A

Seg enzymes (Neutrophils predominate)

51
Q

Scr is used for?

A

Measuring GFR (creatinine clearance - muscle metabolism)

52
Q

MDRD Ccr is useful for?

A

OLD/Obese and corrects for sex/black

53
Q

Oligura is defined as

54
Q

Micro - RBC eval cutoff?

A

> 3 RBC/HPF

55
Q

Regulation pathways of GFR?

A
  1. Renal autoregulation
  2. Neural regulation
  3. Hormonal regulation
56
Q

Dipstick blood measures?

A

RBC, free Hgb, myoglobin

57
Q

Urea is a?

A

End product of protein catabolism measured w/ BUN

58
Q

Increased urobili suggests?

A

Hemolysis or Hepatocellular disease

59
Q

Bun is inverse to what?

60
Q

Normal SG range? Used for?

A

1.005-1.030 - Hydration status/Concentrating ability

61
Q

Sterile pyuria labs?

A

Pos WBC - Neg Cx

62
Q

R. tubular casts are ass/w?

63
Q

BUN is increased w/?

A

Renal hypoperfusion (CHF, Hypovolemia)
Dehydrated
Accelerated catabolism (ill, trauma)
RX (CCS, tetracycline)

64
Q

Dipstick protein is sensitive to?

A

Albumin mostly (No Bence-jones)

65
Q

Granular casts can be ass/w?

A

ATN - Nonspecific, correlate

66
Q

DS nitrite is from?

A

Nitrate to nitrite reduction from GNB (E.Coli esp)

67
Q

NL Scr range is?

A

0.5-1.2mg/dL

68
Q

Decreased BUN:Creatinine ratio is due to?

A

Intrinsic DZ like (ATN-AIN)

69
Q

Broad casts are essentially formed by?

A

Dilated/atrophic tubules

GU (4 decks)

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