Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology > Labs 7-11 > Flashcards

Labs 7-11 Flashcards

1
Q

reservoir

A

describes a major type of water body on the earth in which water can enter and exit from, usually to or from a different type of neighboring reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hydrologic cycle

A

an image that shows how water exchanges between reservoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of reservoirs

A 
oceans
ice caps & glaciers
ground water
lakes
soil moisture
atmosphere
streams/rivers
biosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oceans

A

largest of earth’s water reservoirs (2/3); 5 oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ice caps & glaciers

A

frozen reservoirs of earth; water in the form of glacial ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

groundwaater

A

water that resides and moves under the surface of the earth, mostly in pores or cracks of rock or sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lakes

A

occurs when groundwater table intersects the land surface; basically, its just the top view of the groundwater table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

soil moisture

A

water held in the open pore space withing the earth’s soils; eventually infiltrates to the zone of saturation and becomes groundwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atmosphere

A

layer of a mixture of gases (air) that surrounds the earth; water vapor = water as a gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

streams/rivers

A

water that flows in a channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

biosphere

A

all living things on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

great lakes

A

largest supply of freshwater in the world; 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

variability

A

describes HOW data (set of data) changes over time; it is described both by how much the data varies and by what time frame it fluctuates over; described as regular or irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

trend

A

trends can be increasing or decreasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

groundwater

A

water found within the open spaces of soil, sedicment, and rock below the earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

zone of aeration

A

region of the subsurface above the water table; zone where pore space contains both water and air; aka unsaturated zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

zone of saturation

A

region of the subsurface below the water table; zone where pore space is completely filled with groundwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

groundwater table

A

boundary, approximately parallel to the earth’s surface, that separates the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation; represents top surface of the saturated zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acquifer

A

a subsurface sediment or rock through which ground water can flow easily; distringuished by their ability to be used as an economic resource (drinking water, irrigation…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ground water wells

A

see prelab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

contour lines

A

used to estimate continuous values over an area using data thatis only available at discreet locations within that area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

examples of using contour lines

A

weather - weather data is collected at specific weather stations, yet we know that weather occurs continuously across the earth’s surface (use contour maps to represent the range in weather values across the entire surface area b/t stations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

contour interval

A

contour lines are always drawn at a regular interval; difference b/t two adjacent contour lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contour lines spaced closer together

A

steeper slode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

wide spacing b/t contour lines

A

gradual slope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

concentric closed contours

A

denote hilltop or summit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

contour that is a circle with hachure marks

A

depict a closed depression like a hole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

contour lines and v-shaped pattern

A

the point shows upstream; they will occur in pairs on opposite sides of a valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

latitude

A

angular distance measured north and south of the equator;0-90 degrees

30
Q

longitude

A

angular distance measured east and west of the Prime Meridian; 0-180

31
Q

degrees…

A

1 degree is divided into 60 minutes which is further divided into 60 seconds

32
Q

scale of a map

A

relationship b/t distance on a map and the actual distance on the earth’s surface

33
Q

types of scales

A

fractional, verbal, graphical

34
Q

fractional scale

A

equivalence of one unit on the map to the number of units on the ground; ratios (ex: 1:24000)

35
Q

verbal scale

A

states the relationship of units on a map to units on the real ground in words (es: one inch is equal to 2000 ft); usually deals with what 1 inch on a map represents

36
Q

graphical scale

A

a line that has been marked at intervals, much lok a ruler

37
Q

map legend

A

explains the symbols used on the map

38
Q

inputs

A 
add water to a system
groundwater flow
precipitation
dew
ice and snow
frost 
fog drip
snow melt runoff
runoff
39
Q

outputs

A 
remove water from a system
condensation
evaporation
evapotranspiration
transpiration
ice duration
plant uptake
40
Q

lake volume level

A

lake volume = inputs - outputs

41
Q

trendlines are helpful because..

A

it helps make the trend easier to see by cancelling out all of the variability by showing the average of the data

42
Q

perched water table

A

an accumulation of groundwater that is avove the water table in the saturated zone. the groundwater is usually trapped avove an impermeable soil layer and forms a lens of saturated material in the unsaturated zone

43
Q

confined acquifer

A

exists where the groundwater is bounded between layers of impermeable substances like clay or dense rock. When tapped by a well, water in confined acquifers is forced up

44
Q

private well

A

usually not as deep; these wells are privately owned and they don’t go to the rest of the city for their use

45
Q

municipal (city) well field

A

provides the household and commercial water needs for the city’s population and businesses; entire city uses groundwater as water source

46
Q

recharge

A

water added to an acquifer (ex: injection wells, rain water)

47
Q

purpose/function of longitude and latitude

A

serve as location information so that every spot on the globe can be pinpointed accurately

48
Q

what do contour lines on a topographic map represent

A

indicate the elevation and shape of terrain on a topographic map

49
Q

why can’t contour lines ever cross over each other?

A

each line represents a separate elevation. it’s impossible to have 2 different elevations at the same point

50
Q

measurements of degrees

A

1 degree = 60 min = 360 sec

51
Q

how and where do igneous rock form

A

formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. they can form either below the surface (intrusive or on/near the surface (extrusive)

52
Q

felsic

A

igneous rocks - light colored minerals that are relatively rich in silicon and oxygen ex: quartz; igneous rocks

53
Q

mafic

A

dark colored minerals that are rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium; generally found at ocean ridges and oceanic hot spots ex: pyroxene and olivine; igneous rocks

54
Q

phaneritic

A

texture that occurs when igneous rock cools slowly labeling it as intrusive; igneous rocks

55
Q

aphanitic

A

texture that occurs when igneous rocks cool rapidly and are labeled extrusive; igneous rocks

56
Q

how and where do sedimentary rock form?

A

such that they are stratified; deposited layer upon layer

57
Q

clastic sedimentary rock

A

rocks that are composed of broken pieces of older rock and composed of fragments (clasts) of already preexisting rock; classified based on grain size, sorting, and roundness; sedimentary

58
Q

biological/biochemical sedimentary rock

A

rock made up of organic remains like shell fragments; form from the accumulation of biologic material (shells, dead plant material, etc); sedimentary

59
Q

how and where do metamorphic rocks form

A

form when rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure deep underthe earth’s surface; the extreme heat/pressure may be a result of magma or the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates

60
Q

foliation

A

metamorphic rocks; repetitive layering of metamorphic rock; the thickness of these layers may vary, but it occurs under extremely ihgh and unequal pressure within the earth’s interior

61
Q

common types of bedrock in ohio

A

shales, limestone, sandstones, (coals)

62
Q

dayton limestone

A

typically tan, pale cream to white-colored rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate
fossils - corals and stromatoids and trace fossils can also be seen
found in dayton, kettering, xenia, centerville
most building from 1806-1840 were constructed by it and university of dayton was founded in 1850

63
Q

uses of rock

A

functional or decorative

64
Q

functinoal

A

a stone is functional if it does some kind of work, such as supporting a building or is a retaining wall

65
Q

decorative

A

a stone is decorative if it is no needed for some kind of work. in other words, the structure to which it belonds could function without the particular stone

66
Q

a statue that is calcite…

A

it will turn slightly green as a result of acid rain

67
Q

purpose of sedimentary rocks

A

functional

68
Q

purpose of igneous and metamorphic rocks

A

decorative

69
Q

why were limestone and dolostone used often in ohio

A

Historically, ohio has been submerged beneath the ocean. since it was formed in the area, it is more convenient to use these rocks in construction

70
Q

explain why igneous rocks andmetamorphic rocks are not found as bedrock in ohio

A

???

71
Q

would it be cost effective to build large structures in ohio using either marble or granite?

A

no because marble and granite are both metamorphic. Most of the rock in ohio is sedimentary so it is more cost efficient to use nearby resources

72
Q

permeability (fine sand, gravel, clay) ranking

A

gravel, sand, clay

Geology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions