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Digestive > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Key things to look for in a salivary gland

A 
Interlobular duct
Lobules
Nervous tissue
Mucus acina
Serous acina
Interlobular striated duct
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2
Q

Interlobular duct histology

A

Long thin vessel, large lumen, no endothelial cell lining

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3
Q

Mucus acinus histology

A

Light staining due to absence of enzymes
Very peripheral nuclei
Lobular appearance

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4
Q

Serous acinus histology

A

Dark staining due to presence of zymogen granules containing digestive enzymes
More centralised nuclei

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5
Q

Interlobular striated duct histology

A

Kiwifruit slice

Large lumen, centralised nuclei

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6
Q

Adventitia is between a structure and:

A

Another structure

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7
Q

Serosa is between a structure and:

A

A body cavity

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8
Q

Connective tissue between oesophagus and trachea

A

Adventitia
Loose connective tissue
Allows expansion of oesophagus during swallowing

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9
Q

The outermost layer of the abdominal oesophagus is called the _______ _________ and is lined by __________ ____

A

Visceral peritoneum

Mesothelial cells

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10
Q

Histologically, how could you differentiate between the pharyngeal and gastric ends of the oesophagus?

A

Pharyngeal end contains skeletal muscle and therefore striations which stain darker around the edge of the tissue

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11
Q

Contraction of inner circular layer of muscularis externa allows:

A

Narrowing of lumen

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12
Q

Contraction of outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa allows:

A

Tube shortening

Together with contraction of inner circular layer, peristalsis

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13
Q

Structures found in the lamina propria

A

Projections

Blood vessels

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14
Q

Layer of muscularis externa rarely seen

A

Innermost oblique layer rarely seen in histological sections

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15
Q

Feature of surface mucus epithelium

A

Goblet cells

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16
Q

Feature of parietal cells

A

Fried egg shape

17
Q

Feature of chief cells

A

Bottom of gastric pit, stain dark due to presence of enzymes

18
Q

Function of parietal cells

A

Secretes H+ and Cl-

19
Q

Function of chief cells

A

Secretes pepsinogen

20
Q

Layers of tissue in a histological section of stomach

A

Mucosa
- epithelium (including plicae circularis, villi, intestinal glands and microvilli brush border)
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosae (doesn’t pick up stain)
Submucosa (contains blood vessels, can extend right up into plicae)
Muscularis externa
- inner circular
- myenteric nerve plexus
- outer longitudinal

21
Q

The inner circular layer of the muscularis externa can look like it has many gaps because:

A

Dehydration from sectioning causes exaggeration of natural gaps. Also present in outer longitudinal but not as obvious

22
Q

Paneth cells histology

A

Present in crypts

Stain dark and look similar to serous acina

23
Q

Types of cells found in cryptal epithelium

A

Secretory cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells

24
Q

Types of cells/structures found in villous core

A

Lacteal
Blood vessels
Lymphocytes

25
Q

Peyers patches

A

Aggregates of lymphocytes near the colon end of small intestine. Proximal intestine also has some but they aren’t called Peyers patches

26
Q

Nerve tissue is found in:

A

Muscularis mucosae and between the muscular layers in the externa

27
Q

Exocrine pancreas histology

A

Stains dark due to zymogen granules

Makes up most of pancreas

28
Q

Endocrine pancreas histology

A

Islets of Langerhans

Dispersed light staining areas

29
Q

Area of pancreas with no stain picked up

A

Interlobular connective tissue - doesn’t stain

30
Q

3 things to look for in exocrine pancreas

A

Pancreatic duct - large lumen, sometimes secretions can be seen, cuboidal cells
Vein - thin wall, blood cells can be seen inside
Arteriole - thicker wall

31
Q

Organisation of hepatic lobule

A 
Hexagonal lobule
Central vein in middle
Portal spaces at corners
Hepatocytes and sinusoids radiate away from central vein
Bile flows from CV to PS
Blood flows from PS to CV
32
Q

Hepatic artery histology

A

Small

Thick wall, small lumen

33
Q

Bile duct histology

A

Smallish

Thin wall, large lumen

34
Q

4th unseen portal space component

A

Lymphatics

35
Q

Central vein structure

A

No smooth muscle

Only a little connective tissue for support

Digestive (9 decks)

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