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COMPLEX - nicole > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

CBC is what color tube?

A

Lavender

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2
Q

Normal WBC

A

4,000 - 11,000

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3
Q

Normal Hg (male and female) gm/dl

A

Male: 13.5 - 18 gm/dl
Female: 12-16 gm/dl

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4
Q

Normal Platelets

A

150,000 - 400,000

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5
Q

Normal Hct (male and female)

A

Male: 40-54%
Female: 38-47%

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6
Q

In CBC differential, and increase in bands > 10% (shift to the left) indicates…

A

Acute Infection

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7
Q

Normal PT (factors I, II, V, VI, X)

A

11 - 16 seconds

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8
Q

Normal PTT (factors I, II, V, VIII to XII)

A

25 - 35 seconds

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9
Q

Normal INR

A

0.6 - 1.7

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10
Q

INR for pts on Coumadin for AFib/DVT

A

2 - 3

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11
Q

INR for pts on Coumadin for mechanical heart valves/PE

A

2.5 - 3.5

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12
Q

SMA, BMP, Chemistry is what color tube?

A

Red

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13
Q

Normal Na range

A

135 - 145 mEq/l

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14
Q

Normal Cl range

A

95 - 105 mEq/l

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15
Q

Normal K+ range

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/l

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16
Q

Normal CO2 range (chemistries)

A

22 - 26 mEq/l

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17
Q

Normal BUN range

A

10 - 30 mg/dl

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18
Q

Normal Cr range

A

0.6 - 1.5 mg/dl

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19
Q

Normal glucose

A

70 - 110 mg/dl

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20
Q

Normal Mg

A

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/dl

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21
Q

Normal Ca (Ionized)

A

4.5 - 5.6 mg/dL

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22
Q

Normal PO4 (Phosphate)

A

4.5 - 5.6 mg/dl

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23
Q

Normal Total Serum Ca

A

8.5 - 11.0 mg/dL

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24
Q

Normal Albumin

A

3.5 - 5.0 gm/dL

25
Q

If you have a low Albumin level, what else should you check and why?

A

Calcium

  • Calcium is protein bound
  • Low levels also indicate risk for toxicity for protein-bound drugs (such as Coumadin, Ca channel blockers)
26
Q

Normal GFR

A

85 - 135 ml/min

27
Q

Estimated Cr Cl Formula

A

[(140 – age) X weight in Kg] / (72 x serum creatinine)

- For Females: (X 0.85)

28
Q

Normal BUN : Cr ratio

A

10: 1 to 15:1

- remember this is just a guide, ASSESS and treat based on cause of renal failure and baseline

29
Q

An increased BUN : Cr ratio (wide ratio) indicates

A

Pre-Renal Failure ( > 20 : 1)

  • kidney cells are still able to remove Cr from the body but the BUN accumulates due to decreased perfusion, increased protein catabolism, and slow GFR (resulting in increased reabsorption)
  • an increase in BUN without a corresponding increase in Cr could be due to dehydration
30
Q

A decreased BUN : Cr ratio (narrow) indicates

A

Intra Renal Failure ( < 20 : 1)

  • increase in creatinine
  • no significant increase in BUN
  • all end-stage renal disease ends up in intra-renal BUN : Cr pattern
31
Q

How many liters/day for a renal patient on fluid restriction?

A

1 - 1.5 liters/day

32
Q

What kind of fluids should not be used for IVPB in renal patients?

A

NS

33
Q

3 main treatments for Hyperkalemia

A
  • Kayexalate (sodium polysterene sulfonate)exchanges Na for K in the bowels –> expect osmotic diarrhea
  • IV Glucose (D50) + IV insulin
  • 10% Calcium Gluconate stabilizes cardiac cell membrane potential –> prevents Vtach or Vfib
34
Q

Is Mg elevated or decreased in Renal Failure?

A

Increased due to diminished excretion

35
Q

Hypomagensium is often seen with

A

Hypokalemia

36
Q

Phosphorus is inversely related to what mineral…

A

Calcium

37
Q

Phosphorus is elevated or decreased in Renal Failure?

A

Increased due to diminished excretion

38
Q

2 Meds to LOWER phosphorus

A
  • Phoslo (Calcium Acetate)
  • Renagel (Sevelamer) - phosphate binder
  • TAKE WITH MEALS
39
Q

Increase in PTH serve to…

A

Increase renal phosphorus excretion (secondary hyperparathyroidism)

40
Q

Is Ca elevated or decreased in Renal Failure?

A

Decreased because of decreased absorption of Ca related to the deficiency of metabolically active Vitamin D (produced by normal kidney)

  • leads to osteodystrophy
  • renal patients may complain of cramps and muscle twitching
41
Q

Ionized vs total serum Ca

A
  • Total measures the protein-bound Ca in the serum. If the patient has LOW albumin, the Total Serum Ca level will also be low (although the Ionized may be normal)
  • Ionized is Ca that is unbound to the albumin
42
Q

Normal Uric Acid range (male and female)

A

Male: 4.5 - 6.5 mg/dl
Female: 2.5 - 5.5 mg/dl

43
Q

Lactic Acid normal range

A

0.7 - 2.2 mmol/L

44
Q

Lactic Acid > 4.0 is…

A

Diagnostic criteria for severe sepsis

45
Q

Normal BNP

A

< 100

46
Q

BNP diagnostic of CHF

A

> 500

47
Q

WBC increase implication

A

Risk for sepsis

48
Q

WBC decrease implication

A

Risk for infection

- neutropenic precautions

49
Q

Do steroids increase or decrease WBC?

A

Both - decrease WBC but then your body thinks you’re going immunosuppressed so produces more WBC

50
Q

How could Hgb be falsely elevated? Falsely low?

A

Elevated: Dehydration, hemoconcentration
Low: hemodilution

51
Q

Hgb increase implication

A

Risk for clotting, DVT

52
Q

Hgb decrease implication

A

Diminished perfusion, bleeding - transfusion?, source of blood loss, are they going to OR?

53
Q

Hgb could decrease due to Anemia of ____ _______

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation

54
Q

Stop Heparin if platelets are….

A

< 100,000

55
Q

Don’t let patient go to OR if….

A

platelets < 100,000 or PT > 1.5

56
Q

What can increase/prolong PT

A
  • Liver Failure, cirrhosis
  • Vitamin K deficiency
  • Clotting factors I, II, V, VI, and X deficiency (hemophilia)
  • DIC
  • Coumadin
57
Q

Renal CO2 range

A

20-40 meq/l

58
Q

Low renal CO2

A

< 20

Metabolic Acidosis

COMPLEX - nicole (10 decks)

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