Labs Flashcards
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Females 12-16
Males 14-18
Measures oxygen carrying proteins in the blood. Low hemoglobin can mean anemia, high hemoglobin can be from high altitude, smoking, dehydration, polycythemia.
Hct:Hb should be 3:1
Hematocrit (Hct)
Female 37-47%
Male- 42-52%
Measures percentage if volume of whole blood made up of red cells.
Hct:Hb should be 3:1
BUN
Normal range: 10 - 25
Blood Urea Nitrogen- Indicator of kidney and liver function. how well they remove waste from blood. High BUN = lower kidney function
Creatinine
Normal range: 1.2 - 1.5
Product of muscle breakdown, produced at fairly constant rate. Indicator of renal function.
Creatinine clearance
Normal range: 85 - 135
Amount of blood the kidneys can make creatinine-free each minute. Helps estimate GFR. An indicator of kidney function.
Serum Albumin
3.5 - 5.0
Indicator of kidney and liver function. Low can mean liver disease, inflammation, malnutrition, shock, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn’s, celiac & burns. High can mean dehydration
Potassium
3.5- 5.0
Electrolyte. Hyperkalemia can mean kidney disease, hypoaldosteronism, addisons, diabetes, dehydration, infection etc. Hypokalmia can be from nausea/vomiting or diuretics.
Chloride
98-106
High level usually indicates dehydration
*value from ATI
Sodium
136-145
Maintains osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and nerve transmission. Low sodium leads to seizures/neuron symptoms
Specific gravity
1.010 - 1.030
Calcium
9-11
Magnesium
1.3 - 2.1
Phosphate
3.0 - 4.5
Serum Osmolarity
285 - 295 mOsmol/L
ATI said 270-300 in a sample question rationale
Glycosylated Hemoglobin
4-6%
pH
7.35- 7.45
HC03
22-26
PCO2
35-45
PO2
80-100
O2 saturation
96-100
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH- HIGH
PCO2- HIGH
HCO3- HIGH
Metabolic Acidosis
pH- Low
PCO2- Low
HCO3- Low
Respiratory Alkalosis
pH- HIGH
PCO2- Low
HCO3- Low
Respiratory Acidosis
pH- Low
PCO2- HIGH
HCO3- HIGH
CVP
Central venous pressure. Reflects right sides filling pressures. Primarily used to monitor fluid volume status. Fluid overload, vasoconstriction, and cardiac tamponade INCREASE CVP. 3-11 or 2-8
Platelets
150,000 - 450,000
Neutrophils
Fights bacterial infection. Innate. 2,500 - 8,000
Lymphocytes
1000 - 4000
RBCs
3.2 - 5.2
WBC
4,000-10,000
ESR
0-20
PTT
1.5-2 times normal range
30-40 sec. / 1.5-2.5 Therapeutic anticoag range
Measures intrinsic clotting factors. Monitored for heparin therapy.
High- too much heparin, hemophelia, DIC, liver disease.
PT/INR
11-14 seconds or
84-100% or 1:1 client control ratio
High- defied you or clotting issue
Low- vitamin K excess
Bilirubin
0.1 - 1.0
ALT AST
8-20
Digoxin
0.5- 2
Toxic >2.5
Dilantin
10- 20
Toxic >30
Theophylline
10-20
Toxic >20
Tylenol
Toxic >4000mg/day
Troponin
Less than .35
Lithium
0.5 - 1.5 narrow therapeutic range
ADH / Vasopressin
Anti diuretic hormone
Increases permeability of renal distal tubules, causing kidneys to reabsorb water. Allows the body to hold onto water.
CPK
Creatinine phosphokinase
22- 198
marker of damage of CK-rich tissue such as in myocardial infarction (heart attack), rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown), muscular dystrophy, the autoimmune myositides and in acute renal failure. High level indicates damage
Cardiac output
4-8 liters per minute
INR
2-3 on warfarin/Coumadin
Measures mean of PT clients PT divided by average PT.
D-Dimer
0.43- 2.33 mcg/mL or 0-250 ng/ml.
Measures hypercoagulabity of blood
High- indicates clot formation has occurred
CMP
Complete metabolic panel. Measures glucose, electrolytes, fluid balance, kidney function and liver function.
GFR
90- 120 ml/min
ICP (intracranial pressure)
5-15.
BNP
Brain natriuretic peptide
Higher levels are an Indication of heart failure. 100-300 some HF is present Above 300 mild HF Above 600 moderate HF Above 900 severe
Lactate
0.5-1.5
