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CSA Prep > Labratory Diagnosis > Flashcards

Labratory Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Which values are decreased in microcytic, hypochromic anemia?

A

MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW

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2
Q

4 types of microcytic, hypochromis anemia?

A

Iron deficiency
Thalasemia
Chronic disease
Sideroblastic anemia

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3
Q

3 common causes of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Chronic bleeding
Dietary and/or ^ demand
Malabsorption

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4
Q

What will the iron values be in someone with iron deficiency anemia?

A

Decrease SI
Increase TIBC
Decrease %TS (transferrin saturation)
Decrease serum ferritin

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5
Q

Iron panel in thalassemia patient? MCV and anemia? Other test?

A

N-Increase SI
Normal TIBC
N-Increase %TS
N-Increase ferritin

MCV may be disproportionately lower than anemia

Hgb electrophoresis, reverse HgbA1/A2 atio (if beta thalassemia)

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6
Q

Lab values with chronic disease causing anemia?

A

Normal RDW
Decrease SI
N-Decrease TIBC
Increase ferritin

Increase CRP, WBC, ESR

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7
Q

3 tests you look at on a CBC to see if patient has anemia? Which is considered most accurate?

A

RBC
Hematocrit
Hgb (most accurate)

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8
Q

What three tests are used on a CBC to determine the type of anemia?

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

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9
Q

Most common cause of normocytic anemia?

A

Chronic disease

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10
Q

3 m/c causes of microcytic anemia? How do you diagnose each?

A

Iron deficiency- Iron panel
Thalassemia- Hgb electrophoresis
Chronic disease-

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11
Q

Patient has confirmed iron deficiency, what test should you run before supplementing with iron?

A

FIT (fecal immunological testing) to see if the patient is bleeding in the GI, in the which supplementing with iron won’t solve the problem

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12
Q

What disease causes microcytic anemia with normal RDW?

A

Thalassemia- this is a unique finding

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13
Q

What is the Coombs test used for?

A

Its an antibody test used to diagnose hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Serum ferritin and chronic disease

A

Serum ferritin will be normal or ^

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15
Q

Two m/c causes of megaloblastic anemia? How do you tell the different between the two?

A

B12 deficiency- cobalamine or increase in methalomonic acid

Folate deficiency- serum folate test

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16
Q

Parasitic infection and WBC?

A

WBC won’t change much, because parasites only affect eosinophil count which is a small % of WBC.

17
Q

What 3 conditions causes increase in eosinophils?

A

Worms (parasites)
Weeds (allergies)
Weird (sarcoidosis, etc)

18
Q

WBC pattern for RA and other non-infectious inflammatory diseases?

A

^ WBC d/t ^ neutrophils

Same pattern is bacterial infection

19
Q

WBC change with viral infection?

A

Normal or ^ WBC

^ in lymphocyte count

20
Q

Good test to screen for disease? Weakness of test? Values?

A

ESR

Very sensitive, can be elevated d/t intense exercise or minor infx like gingivitis

> 20 means nothing
50 is significant

21
Q

3 types of kidney disease

A

Meat of kidney (pyelonephritis)

Tubules (glomerulonephritis)

Tubules (glomerulonephritis)

Function of kidney- BUN, creatinine. If these go up = kidney failure. Creatinine most specific, BUN can be affected by diet

22
Q

Renal failure and UA values

A

Creatinine will be decreased

23
Q

Why is a UA better than a dipstick in determining source of infx or blood?

A

Dipstick can only tell you if there is blood (Hgb), nitrate or leukocyte esterase present in the urine. It cannot identify where it came from. UA can identify the presence of casts, which would indicate kidney as the source of bleeding/infx.

24
Q

What type of bone disease would raise ALP?

A

A disease where osteoblasts are very active
Highly elevated with Paget’s disease
Osteoblastic bone mets from prostate is another possibility

25
Q

6 tests for liver function

A 
Bilirubin
ALP
AST
ALT
GGTP
LDH
26
Q

What values are affected in acute liver failure?

A

Decrease albumin, BUN, total protein, cholesterol

27
Q

Obstructive liver conditions (of liver or galbladder) affect which chem panel values?

A

^ ALP and bilirubin

28
Q

Chem panel changes with acute alcohol intake

A

^ GGTP

29
Q

Hepatitis raises these chem panel values

A

ALT and AST

30
Q

What do you expect to find in the blood in hemolytic anemia?

A

LDH and bilirubin (unconjugated)

31
Q

Chem panel and MI

A

^AST and LDH

Most important tests are troponin and CK-MB which are not part of the chem panel

32
Q

What two tests are used to diagnose SLE? Which is more sensitive? Specific?

A

ANA (sensitive)- used first as screening

Anti-dDNA (specific)- used after ANA to confirm diagnosis; isn’t always +

33
Q

Best screening test for thyroid?

A

TSH

34
Q

Two antibody tests for RA?

A

RF

Anti-CCP (specific)

35
Q

Three important lab values for bone disease?

A

Proteins
Calcium
ALP

36
Q

What is CRP used for?

A

To assess for risk of coronary artery disease

37
Q

Blood test for MM?

A

Protein electrophoresis

CSA Prep (2 decks)

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