Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSA Prep > Conditions And Management > Flashcards

Conditions And Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the measurement for a AAA that needs referrall? When it is emergent?

A

> 6cm always needs to be referred. If accompanied with sx like pulsating pain, nausea, vomiting, LBP, etc its an emergent referral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the imaging of choice for ruptured or leaking AAA?

A

CT of abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the gold standard imaging for AAA? Xrays and AAA?

A

B-mode US of aorta (not abdominal US)

Usually can see AAA with xray d/t calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common presentation in symptomatic AAA patients?

A

Pain is felt in back, abdomen, flank, groin or testicles. Pain is unaffected by position that patient is in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Triad of signs of rupture?

A

Pulsatile mass
Hypotension
Back pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When to refer with CES?

A

Always! Can lead to permanent BB and sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

M/C cause of CES? Second M/C cause? Third?

A

Midline disc herniation

Central stenosis

Tumor/SOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F: trauma is a common cause of CES

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classic CES presentation

A

LBP
Bowel/bladder incontinence
Saddle paresthesia and/or sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1st and most sensitive and specific sign for CES?

A

Impaired bladder sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gold standard imaging for CES?

A

MRI

CT is second best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CES management

A 
Manipulation is contraindicated
Urgent referral (emergent if d/t trauma)
Need decompressive surgery w/in 48 hours to avoid permanent damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CES prognosis?

A

Depends on how long the patient was symptomatic.

Signs of poor prognosis:
Sphincter involvement
Sensory impairment
Speed of onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much aspirin should you give a suspected MI patient?

A

325mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which vein is involved in 80% of proximal DVT cases?

Which vein is commonly involved in distal DVT cases?

A

Popliteal vein

Tibial veins of calf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which has a higher incidence of embolism, proximal or distal DVT?

A

Proximal (much higher!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signs of DVT?

A

Warm, swollen, tender leg
Swelling of superficial calf veins
Pitting edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Risk factors for DVT

A 
Active cancer
Clotting disorder
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Immobilization
Major surgery
Bedridden
Hx of embolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DDx of DVT?

A

Acute muscle strain
Cellulitis
Baker’s cyst
Hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ideal DVT test? Other tests?

A

Dopler US

D-dimer (fibrin degradation product)

Venography (usually not needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management of DVT?

A

Anticoagulant therapy

Compression socks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long should you try conservative treatment for dyslipidemia before the patient needs aggressive intervention?

A

After 3 months of conservative care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Best natural supplements for dyslipidemia?

A

Garlic and red yeast rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Meningitis presentation

A 
Fever, fatigue, malaise
Severe headache
Maybe rash
Neck and/or head stiffness and pain
\+ Bruzinski, + Kernig's test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Recent change in severity and frequency of episodes

Anginal pain without exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are some discogenic clues

A 
Mannequin sign
Decrease sagittal TL motion
\+ Valsalva
DeJerine's triad
Flexion load sensitivity
Sitting poorly tolerated
P centralization with repetitive loading
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When to order MRI in disc case?

A 
Progressive neuro deficits
No response to conservative care
Profound muscle weakness at first
Signs of CES
Disc is unlikely cause of sx
Pre-surgical consultation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Early management of disc herniation?

A

Attempt to centralize P
Reduce herniation
Teach patient how to protect and stabilize spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many BP readings are needed for diagnosis of HTN?

A

2 readings X 2 visits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

HTN in 19-39yo most commonly caused by which 3 diseases?

A

Thyroid problems
Fibromyalgia
Renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How to manage stage 1 HTN patients with no signs of end organ failure?

A

Can be treated conservatively w/ weight loss, exercise, DASH diet and CoQ10 supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How often should you monitor HTN patients?

A

Every visit

33
Q

What is the definition of lumbar functional instability?

A

Spine’s inability to maintain proper mechanical stiffness in neutral, midrange and end-range movements

Theorized to be a problem with the mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors in and around the spine.

34
Q

4 factors that predict better LFI patient outcome?

A

<40yo
Combined 91 degree SLR
Aberrant flexion movement pattern
+ Prone extension test

35
Q

What is reversed lumbopelvic rhythm?

A

When extending from flexion the lumbar spine moves before the hips

36
Q

Diagnostic imaging is not indicated in the first six weeks of treatment if what criteria is met?

A 
No neuro symptoms
No trauma
No constitutional symptoms
No symptoms of malignancy
18-50 yo
37
Q

What imaging is best for neuro? For suspected osseous changes?

A

MRI

CT

38
Q

LFI and history clues

LFI and PE clues

A

Repeated episodes with minor triggers
Reports painful catch

Poor or temporary relief from manipulation
\+ prone instability test
Painful arc
Reversed lumbopelvicc rhythm
Hypermobile segments
39
Q

Definition of radiographic hypermobility

A

2 views (flexion and extension) must demonstrate >=4mm of sagittal translation

40
Q

Classical presentation of centra lumbar spinal stenosis?

A 
Older patient
Bilateral leg deficits and/or pain
Not bothered by sitting
Wide based gait
Thigh pain with 30 second sustained extension
41
Q

What structures often cause CLSS?

A

Disc bulging, facet enlargement, thickening of ligamentum flavum?

42
Q

What is the measurement for relative and absolute CLSS?

A

12mm diameter

10mm diameter

43
Q

What is more likely to cause sx similar to lx disc herniation, lateral recess stenosis or central canal stenosis?

A

Lateral recess!

44
Q

Will central canal stenosis cause dermatomal pain?

A

Unlikely. Usually just bilateral leg pain that isn’t specific to dermatome since one nerve root isn’t affected.

45
Q

Neurogenic claudication is associated with which spinal condition?

A

Central Lx spinal stenosis

46
Q

Best clues to rule in central lumbar stenosis

A 
No pain when sitting
Cauda equina sx
Urinary problems
Bending over improves symptoms
Bilateral buttock or leg pain
Neurogenic claudication
47
Q

Neurogenic vs vascular claudication: Which condition’s may be provoked by walking uphill? Downhill?

A

Uphill= vascular to do ^ metabolic demand

Downhill: neurogenic d/t ^ lx lordosis

48
Q

What is more common in myelopathy issues, motor or sensory deficits?

A

Motor is more common.

Sensory deficits are more common in NR issues.

49
Q

M/C nerve roots involved in Cx radiculopathy?

A

C6 and C7

50
Q

Clues from history indicating Cx radiculopathy?

A 
Sharp shooting pain
Pain follows a thin band
DeJerine's triad
Arm pain exceeds neck pain
Acute NR pain may be constant and worse at night
51
Q

What are the 5 best tests to rule out Cx nerve damage?

A 
Cx compression
Cx distraction
Shoulder abduction
Valsalva 
Median nerve tension test
52
Q

Exam procedures for cord lesion

A 
Upper Extremity:
Observe intrinsic hand muscles
Finger escape sign
Rapid open and close of hands
Dynamic Hoffman's
Scapulohumeral reflex

Lower Extremity:
Wide based gait
Rhomberg’s test
Babinski

Do sensory, DTRs, muscle tests, vibration, position sense in both

53
Q

5 main symptoms of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

A

Pain- severe, burning, allodynia, regional

Autonomic dysfunction (thickened nails, warm/red skin, darkened rapidly growing hair, temp changes), spasms

Edema

Movement disorder

Dystrophy/atrophy

54
Q

How to manage acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion?

A

Teach patient autoinflation
Endonasal
CMT to upper Cxsq

55
Q

Red flags for cancer causing LBP?

A 
History of cancer
Patient >50yo
Unexpected weight loss
No relief with bed rest
No response to tx w/in 1 month
Pain > 1 month
56
Q

What is the alarm sign when doing an SLR?

A

Patient points to specific location where pain is occurring

This indicates a mass of some sort

57
Q

Structures that can cause TOS

A

Scalene
Pec minor
Scar tissue b/t clavicle 1st rib
Cx rib

58
Q

3 presentatins of TOS. Which is most severe?

A

Vascular (immediate referral)

True neurogenic: very rare

Nonspecific neurogenic: no deficits but paresthesia

59
Q

Sinusitis

Clues from Hx

Clues from PE

A 
Craniofacial pressure
HA
Pharyngeal dyscharge
Congestion
Sore throat
Olfactory disturbance
Nasal speech
Maxillary toothache
Periorbital edema
Red nasal sinuses
Deviated septum
60
Q

Bakody’s sign
Rust’s sign
Doorbell sign
Miner’s sign

A

Arm abducted over head
Using hands to stabilize neck
Pressing on Cx NR to illicit thoracic or arm pain
Standing up using arms to “walk up” legs

61
Q

6 best SI tests

A 
ASLR
Compression
Distraction
Thigh thrust
Sacral thrust
Gaenslens
62
Q

Knee tests: 5 basic questions

A

Is there internal derangement?
Is the knee stable?
What is the primary pain generator?
What is the biomechanical or manual therapy assessment?
Are there other factors along the kinetic chain?

63
Q

Cruciate ligament tests

A

Anterior and posterior drawer
Slocum
Lachman
Pivot shift

64
Q

Chondromalacia patella tests

A 
Clarke's test
Patellar grind
Patellar facet pinch
Waldron's test
Step up bench test
65
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans tests (where is pain often felt?)

A

Wilson’s test
Varus stress test with internal and external rotation

Pain is usually felt in the popliteal fossa

66
Q

Meniscus tests. Where is pain usually felt?

A 
Apley's compression 
Hyperflexion test
McMurray's 
Cabot's
Payr's
Ege's
Steinman's
Thessaly

Pain is usually along the joint line, either internally or laterally

67
Q

ITB syndrome tests

A

Noble’s
Ober’s
Renne’s

68
Q

Plica tests

A

Hughston
Plica stutter
Plica pinch

69
Q

Knee Collateral ligament tests

A

Appley’s distraction
Wobble test
Valgus/varus stress tests

70
Q

Indications for imaging ankle immediately after injury

A

Fail 4-step test
Tenderness 6cm up tib/fib
Tenderness at styloid of 5th metatarsal, navicular

71
Q

Orthos for AC joint

A

Paxino’s squeeze
O’brien’s
Resisted horizontal adduction
Passive horizontal adduction

72
Q

Orthos for biceps tendon

A

Instabilty:
Yergason’s
Modified Yergasons

Tendinopathy:
Speed’s
Biceps hyperextension test

73
Q

Shoulder impingement tests

A

Painful arc
Neer’s
Hawkins-Kennedy

74
Q

RTC tests

A 
Empty can (add mm test)
Codman's arm drop
Napoleon
Hug
Lift off
Trumpet/Buglers
External Rotation Lag sign
75
Q

GH Labrum tests

A 
O'brien's
Crank
Clunk
Biceps load
Biceps provocation
Passive compression test
76
Q

Shoulder instability tests

A 
Dugas
Faegin's
Anterior/posterior load shift
Anterior apprehension test
Relocate release
Posterior apprehension test
Norwood test
Sulcus sign
77
Q

Upper crossed syndrome

A 
Tight:
Suboccipitals
SCM
Upper traps
Pecs
Weak:
Deep neck flexors
Middle/lower traps
Rhomboids
Serratus anterior
78
Q

Lower crossed syndome

A

Tight:
Psoas
Lx paraspinals

Weak:
Abs
Glutes

CSA Prep (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions