Labratort Medicine Flashcards
Hyperglycemia. At what concentration of
glucose can we talk about hyperglycemia?
≥ 6.1mmol/L
Urea is a waste product formed in
Liver
Which test is the new gold standard for
diagnosis of viral infections?
Nucleic acid testing (PCR)
Reticulocytes are
immature red cell that contain RNA
a few hours of damage and remains elevated for
up to two weeks is
Cardiac troponin
What is pancytopenia?
Decreased WBCs, RBCs and PLTS
The preferred initial test for thyroid disorders
is :
TSH test
Erythropoietin stimulates production of
Select one:
Red Blood cell
Which dietary component(s) is/are needed for
DNA synthesis, and thus greatly influence the
production of red blood cells
Vitamin B12 and folic acid;
Which test is considered to be the most
specific test for identifying iron deficiency
anemia, unless infection or inflammation are
present?
Select one:
Ferritin
Anemia arises due to deficiency of
A. Iron;
B. Folic acid;
C. All of the above **
D. Vitamin B12;
Full Blood Count (FBC) - test evaluates:
The general condition of the body, with
pathological changes in the blood, requires
additional studies
What parameters indicate anemia?
RBC, Hb, Hct
T cells develop into several distinct type in
Thymus
Which additional parameters will help us
make a more accurate diagnosis?
Iron, serum
How to calculate INR?
(PT patient/PT control plasma) ISI.
what is the INR?
International normalized ratio.
which of the following signifies anemia
A low hemoglobin level.
what parameters indicate anisocytosis:
RDW
what is oligouria
Less than 500 ml/day.
MCV and RDW are indicating on pathology
of:
RBC
a chosen concentration (mg/L) of an
antibiotic which defines whether a species of
bacteria is susceptible or resistant to the
antibiotic:
A breakpoint
Variation in erythrocyte shape is called ?
poikolocytosis.
In which phase of laboratory testing do the
most errors occur ?
preanalysis.
The yellow color of urine is due to:
urobilin.
Normal pH range for urine is
4.6 - 8
Which is the example of organism in BSL3?
TB
The mean and normal range of Hemoglobin
for an adult male ?
15.7 ( 14.0-17.5 ) g / dL.
Plasma is about 45 % of the total blood
volume?
False
Patient with diabetes mellitus have urine
with?
Increased volume and increased specific
gravity.
Select the statement about red blood cells
that is incorrect:
Deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen.
The type of white blood cell that often
arrives at the site of infection first , is a
granulocyte , and contains granules that stain
light purple is a
Neutrophils
Which is the example of organism in BSL 4
EBOLA
Normal value for INR in healthy people is
1.1 or below
which test is used to screen for neural
defects such as spina bifida ?
AFP
Which pattern is characteristic for
hyperthyroidism
T3-high or normal, T4-high or normal,
TSH-low
Positive results for both CCP antibody and RF,
means ?
it is very likely that a patient has RA.
In MTB testing culture Negative is reported
after ?
6 weeks
Normal range of hematocrit (Hct) for an adult
male is ?
41 - 51 %
Hematocrit (Hct) is ?
the ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to
the whole blood.
Polyuria is
production of more than 2000 ml of urine
in 24 hrs.
Shortened aPTT tests may be due to
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
The term primary hemostasis refers to ?
platelet reactivity at the site of injury
Lymphopenia can be caused by ?
HIV
the blood urea nitrogen or BUN test is
primarily used
To evaluate kidney function
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test evaluates ?
select one
the average amount of glucose in the
blood over the past 2 to 4 months.
Concentration of antibiotic that inhibits the
visible growth of an organisim in an in vitro
system is
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Mean cell haemoglobin concentration
(MCHC) is
the average concentration of Hb in a given
volume of packed red cells.
Mean cell volume (MCV) is
The average volume of a single red cell.
The mean normal range for platelet count is
250 (150-350) × 109 /L
The term secondary hemostasis refers to ?
the cascade of enzymatic reactions that
results in the conversion of fibrinogen to
fibrin monomers.
Initial screening for coronary risk panel may
involve ?
full lipid panel should be used
Reference intervals or “normal range” are
defined as the range of values into which
95% of nondiseased (“normal”) individuals
will fall
Refractory periodontitis
develops due to a complete remission
after therapy, followed by recurrence of the
disease as a result of reformation of plague,
and calculus.
Which is the lipid profile test ?
cholesterol total, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-
cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides.
fasting plasma glucose level more than 126
mg/dL (more than 7mmol/L) indicates
indicates diabetes mellitus.
the ability of a test to discriminate disease
from no disease is described by
specificity of the test.
Negative results for both CCP antibody and
RF, means
it is less likely that the person has RA.
Prolonged aPTT tests may be due to
Von Wilebrand disease.
excretion of more than 4 g/day protein in
urine is ?
heavy proteinuria
Schuffner’s granules” are characteristics of
Malaria
a normal eGFR for adults is
greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2
creatinine is a waste product produced by ?
Muscles
Fasting plasma glucose level < 100 mg/dl (<
5.6 mmol/L) ?
Is a normal value
healthy adults with no other risk factors for
heart disease should be tested with a fasting
lipid panel
once every four to six years.
In hypochromia
MCH and MCHC are usually decreased.
the mean and normal range for white blood
cell count is
7.8 (4.4-11.3) x 109/L
circle the correct answer
precipitation immunoassays use
radioisotopes as labels.
In congenital viral infection :
maternal IgG antibodies passively
transfer across the placenta into the fetal
circulation.
A very high level of ALT is frequently seen
with :
acute hepatitis.
Gross hematuria is
presence of an increased number of
red blood cells in urine visible to the
naked eye.
The presence of hypochromic and
normochromic cells in the same film is called
anisochromia or dimorphic anemia.
Based on cytochemistry myeloblasts are
positive for
MPO
coagulation basic tests. which parameters
indicate intrinsic pathways
aPTT.
What the WBC (leukocytes) indicate
they release chemicals from their
granules that destroy pathogens; they
are also capable of phagocytosis. The
monocyte an agranular leukocyte,
differentiates into a macrophage that
then phagocytizes the pathogens.
Nocturnia is ?
excretion of more than 400 mL of
urine at night with specific gravity <1.010
The specific gravity of a specimen indicates
the relative proportions of dissolved
solid components to total volume of the
specimen.
Osmolality of a specimen indicates:
the number of particles of solute per
unit of solution.
Which is the most accurate “gold standard”
test in diagnosing MTB
culture.
Circle the correct statement:
up to 2 mg/dL acetoacetic acid in
urine is normal.
Measuring potassium is especially important:
in diabetec patients.
in FBC got leukocytosis with neutrophilia, left
shift. what process is indicated
acute bacterial infection
What is polyuria
>: 2500 mL/day.
A relative increase of leukocytes is
an increase in percentage only
If the platelet count is normal :
no single platelets is found per 10-30
red cell.
Microbes in BSL 3
can cause serious or potentially fatal
disease through inhalation.
Microbes in BSL 1
are not known to consistently cause
disease in healthy adults and present
minimal potential hazard to personnel
and the environment
Differential leukocyte count is :
percentage distribution of the
different types of leukocytes.
eGFR should be calculated :
every time a creatinine blood test is
done
red blood cells survive around ______days
120 days
Patient has HBsAg (-), anti-HBc (-), anti-HBs
(+). Patient is:
immune due to hepatitis B
vaccination.
Specific IgM is usually found in blood within
the :
first week of primary infection and
typically becomes undetectable within 1
to 3 monthes.
Microbes in BSL 2 :
pose a moderate hazard to personnel
and the environment.
Microbes in BSL 4 :
are very easily transmitted and cause
serious or fatal disease for which there
are no vaccines or treatments.
How do transferrin level and total iron-
binding capacity (TIBC) change in iron deficiency
anemia?
transferrin level and TIBC are high.
Which parameter in urine test indicates
infection:
Leukocytes, nitrite.
Progenitor cell for platelets is:
Megakaryocyte.
How to use glycohemoglobin parameters:
The amount of glycosylation is determined
byglucose concentration present over the two
or three months before obtaining the plasma
sample.
