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History: Civil Rights > Labour and Trade Unions > Flashcards

Labour and Trade Unions Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Gilded Age? (turning point)

A

Industrial expansion and influx of migrants leads to

issues for the unions and harsh treatment by the govt.

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2
Q

Significance of world wars? (turning point)

A

Establishment of the National War Labour Boards leads

to union concessions.

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3
Q

What was the New Deal? (turning point)

A

NIRA, NRA and Wagner Act give greater union power.

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4
Q

Significance of 1960s? (turning point)

A

Cesar Chavez and farm workers shows rural power.

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5
Q

What labour organization was founded in 1869?

A

Labour Knights

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6
Q

What year was the Haymarket Affair and American Federation of Labour founded?

A

1886

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7
Q

When was the Sherman Anti Trust Act?

A

1890

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8
Q

What strike occurred in 1892?

A

Homestead Strike

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9
Q

When was the Pullman Strike?

A

1894

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10
Q

When was Lochner Vs New York

A

1905

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11
Q

What occurred in 1914?

A

Clayton Anti Trust Act

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12
Q

What year was the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids established?

A

1925

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13
Q

When was the NIRA and NRA established?

A

1933

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14
Q

When was the Wagner Act?

A

1935

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15
Q

When was the Congress of Industrial Organizations established?

A

1937

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16
Q

What Act was in 1947?

A

Taft - Harley Act

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17
Q

When did the AFL and CIO merge?

A

1955

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18
Q

What Act secured workplace safety for workers, and when was it introduced?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970

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19
Q

When was the PATCO strike and why was it controversial?

A

1981
Government workers were banned from striking, Reagan breaks it and make it a failure
Represents the demise of unions

20
Q

Significance of 1980’s? (turning point)

A

Reduction in Union membership as shown in PATCO strike

21
Q

Who was John Rockefeller?

A

US businessman who controlled 90% oil
refineries and amassed a fortune of $1 billion by
1937.

22
Q

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

A

Controlled 25% of US iron and steel production.

He sold the company in 1901 for $250 million.

23
Q

Who was Henry Frick?

A

US coal industry millionaire who entered a
partnership with Carnegie. Sent in to break the
Homestead strike.

24
Q

Who was Samuel Gompers?

A

Leader of the AFL in the early 1900s, ensured

acceptance of the union by employers.

25
Q

Who was Henry Ford?

A

Set up the motor company, refused to recognise

unions until 1941.

26
Q

Who was Cesar Chavez?

A

Founded National Farm Workers Association and

led the Salad Bowl strike in the 1970s. Peaceful Protest

27
Q

Which President sent in troops at the Pullman Strike?

A

Cleveland

28
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson do which benefited workers during the war?

A

He granted concessions

29
Q

What did Franklin D. Roosevelt introduce which greatly benefited workers?

A

The New Deal

30
Q

Significance of JFK?

A

“New Frontier” led to Equal Pay Act

31
Q

How did Nixon aid labour rights?

A

Brought in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970

32
Q

AFL (American Federation of Labour)

A

Replaced the Knights of Labour in 1886. Attempted to

unite all unions, 2 million members by 1914.

33
Q

NWLB (National War Labour Board)

A

Set up during wars to settle disputes between workers

and employers. No-strike agreement.

34
Q

NMB (National Mediation Board)

A

Established to regulate labour relations in the railway

industry in 1920s.

35
Q

BSCP (Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters)

A

Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters union

established in 1925, mainly African American.

36
Q

PATCO (Professional Air Traffic Control Organisation)

A

Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization led

1981 strike.

37
Q

Industrial Workers of the World

A

Known as the ‘Wobblies’ set up in 1905 with a
reputation for violence and militancy. Supported
rights of poor workers and immigrants. Declined post-
1923.

38
Q

Knights of Labour

A

Developed post-1879 under leadership of Terence
Powderley. Successful strike at Wabash Railroad but
lost influence post-Haymarket Affair of 1886.

39
Q

Significance of New Deal

A

Socio economic restoration
1933 to 39
15 year influence

40
Q

Yellow Dog Contracts

A

Workers were forced to sign, preventing their ability to unionise and strike

41
Q

Haymarket Affair

A

Rally in Haymarket Square, 1886, violent, sparks significant police response, damages credibility of Unions, Knights of Labour involvement dwindles afterwards - association with violence and militancy

42
Q

PATCO strike

A

1981, controversial as Government workers were banned from striking

43
Q

Taft Hartley Act

A

Post New Deal, goes against it, restricts Union activity in 1947 under Truman, prevents closed shop Unions

44
Q

Sherman Anti Trust Act

A

1890
Stops monopolies, force businesses to take care of workers and not exploit them
Passed in fear of a general strike

45
Q

Henry Ford

A

Welfare Capitalism, benefits but no union activity

History: Civil Rights (4 decks)

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