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OSCE Midwifery Practice > Labour > Flashcards

Labour Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 phases of labour?

A

Latent phase
Active phase
Transition
Pushing

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2
Q

Which phases occur in the first stage of labour?

A

Latent phase
Active phase
Transition

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3
Q

Which phase overlaps between the second and third stages of labour?

A

Pushing

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4
Q

What dilation is the cervix during the latent phase?

A

0-3cm

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5
Q

What dilation is the cervix during active phase?

A

3-7cm

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6
Q

What dilation is the cervix during transition?

A

7-10cm

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7
Q

What dilation (cm) is fully dilated?

A

10cm

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8
Q

What is the term to describe when the fetus finds the best way to fit inside the pelvis?

A

Best fit

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9
Q

What two things can make the mechanism of labour problematic?

A

The curve of the birth canal due to walking upright

A large fetal head due to brain development

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10
Q

What are 5 features of a gynaecoid pelvis?

A 
Inlet is transversely oval
Pelvic cavity is roomy and shallow
Sacrum is broad and curved
Sub pubic angle is 90 degrees
Ischial spines are blunt
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11
Q

What are 5 diameters of the pelvic brim?

A 
Transverse
Left oblique
Right oblique
Anterior 
Posterior
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12
Q

What is the pelvic brim?

A

The edge of the pelvic inlet

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13
Q

What is the curve of the sacrum in the pelvis referred to as when describing the mechanism of labour?

A

The curve of carus

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14
Q 
What area of the skull is located: 
 At the back of the head?
At the front of the head?
Between the two?
Transversely across the skull?
A

Posterior fontanel
Anterior fontanel
Sagittal suture
Biparietal

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15
Q

What is the general diameter of the biparietal?

A

9.5cm

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16
Q

In order, what are the 6 steps in the mechanism of labour?

A 
Engagement 
Decent and flexion
Internal rotation
Extension
External rotation
Lateral flexion
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17
Q

What happens during engagement?

A

The Transverse diameter of the head descends through the pelvic brim

18
Q

How to you describe engagement?

A

5ths palpable

19
Q

What 8 things do you check for in a VE?

A 
In vagina:
Dilatation of cervix (cm)
Consistency of cervix
Length of cervical canal (effaced)
Position of cervix 
In cervical os:
Station of presenting part 
Presentation
Position
Membranes (in tact?)
20
Q

What are the three consistency’s of a cervix?

A

Soft, medium, hard

21
Q

What is a membrane sweep?

A

Separating the membranes of the amniotic sac to attempt to bring on labour to avoid going overdue

22
Q

ARM

A

Artificial rupture of membranes

23
Q

FSE

A

Fetal scalp electrode

24
Q

What is umbilical cord prolapse?

A

When the umbilical cord drops through the open cervix into the vagina ahead of the baby

25
Q

What is placenta praevia?

A

When the placenta is lying unusually low in your uterus, next to or covering your cervix

26
Q

DR. C BRAVADO

A 
DR- define risks
C- contractions 
BRa- Baseline Rate
V- variability
A-accelerations
D-decelerations
O- overall impressions
27
Q

Why should you expect accelerations on a CTG?

A

Because during contractions, oxygen levels fall and CO2 levels rise temporarily so heart rate increases to deliver enough oxygen but between contractions they return to normal

28
Q

4 features of a normal CTG?

A

Baseline rate- 110-160 BPM
Baseline variability- 5BPM or more
Accelerations present
No decelerations

29
Q

What is the usual baseline rate for a CTG?

A

110-160 BPM

30
Q

What is a reassuring baseline variability?

A

5BPM or more

31
Q

What is the definition of an acceleration?

A

15BPM above baseline lasting 15 seconds or more

32
Q

What is the definition of decelerations?

A

Slowing of the fetal heart rate below the baseline of 15BPM for 15 seconds or more

33
Q

In what instances may you catheterise a woman?

A

Prior to a C- section
Prior to an instrumental delivery
If woman is unable to pass urine during labour
Urinary retention

34
Q

Risks of catheterisation

A

Infection
Blocked catheter
Bladder trauma

35
Q

What may you document after catheterisation?

36
Q

What are 3 aims of VE’s during labour?

A

Assess progress
Perform ARM
Identify fetal position

37
Q

When would you refrain from giving a VE?

A

Lack of consent
Antepartum haemorrhage
Preterm labour

38
Q

What are the three positions of the cervix on VEs?

A

Anterior, central, posterior

39
Q

What should you check following VE?

A

Fetal heart (and mother’s pulse)

40
Q

What landmark of the spine has the fetal head reached when it is described as 0?

A

Ischial spines

41
Q

The third stage of labour can be managed in two ways, what are these referred to as?

A

Active management

Physiological management

OSCE Midwifery Practice (12 decks)

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