Laboratory Tests And Clinical Procedures Flashcards
Cardiac biomarkers
Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
BNP Test
Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood.
Lipid tests (lipid profile)
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample
Lipoprotein electrophoresis
Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
Angiography
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
Computed tomography angiography (CTA)
Three dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (CT)
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels.
Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT)
Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD
Doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels.
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart.
Positron emission tomography(PET) scan
Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose
Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan
Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning
Thallium 201 scan
Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart attack.
Cardiac MRI
Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field.
Cardiac catherization
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
Electrocardiography (ECG)
Recording of electricity flowing through the heart
Holter monitoring
An ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias.
Stress test
Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)
Catheter ablation
Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias.
Coronary artery bypass (CABG)
Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
Defibrillation
Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation).
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
Extracorporeal circulation
Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired
Heart transplantation
A donor heart is transferred to a recipient
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place
Thrombolytic therapy
Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the blood stream of patients with coronary thrombosis.
