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PMLS 2 (LEC and LAB) > Laboratory Safety and Hazards > Flashcards

Laboratory Safety and Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Waste Disposal

A
  • Flush water-soluble substances down the drain with large
    quantities of water
  • Strong acids and bases should be neutralized before
    disposal
  • Foul-smelling chemicals should never be disposed down
    the drain
  • Flammable solvents → collected in approved containers
  • Flammable material → specially designed incinerators
  • Solid chemicals → landfill
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2
Q

Composed of combustible metals that can be extinguished by dry chemicals, sand, or dry powder.

A

Class D Fire Type

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3
Q

Biological/Biochemical Waste Disposal

A

All biological waste (EXCEPT URINE) should be placed in appropriate containers labeled with a biohazard symbol.

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4
Q

Healthcare facilities developed procedures to control and monitor infections occurring within facilities.

A

Infection Control

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5
Q

Consists of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.

A

Infectious agents

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6
Q

Classified according to flash point → the temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture
with air.

A

Flammable / Combustible Chemicals

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7
Q

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires that all Healthcare institutions post evacuation routes and detailed plans to follow in the event of a fire.

A

Fire Hazard

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8
Q

Composed of grease, oils, or fats that can be extinguished by liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire.

A

Class K Fire Type

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9
Q

Composed of wood, paper, or clothing that can be extinguished by water.

A

Class A Fire Type

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10
Q

All sharp objects must be disposed in puncture-resistant, leak-proof container with the biohazard symbol.

A

Sharp Hazard Safety

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11
Q

Urine Disposal

A

Decontaminate the sink by 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach solution). Disinfection of the sink should be performed daily. Empty urine containers can be discarded as
nonbiologically hazardous waste. Incineration, inactivation, burial, chemical disinfection, encapsulation in a solid matrix

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12
Q

Specimens should be capped during centrifugation.

A

True

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13
Q

Chemicals should never be mixed together unless specific instructions are followed, and they must be added in the order specified. (Important when combining acid and water)

A

Chemical Handling

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14
Q

OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogen standard requires written ‘Exposure Control Plan”.

A

True

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15
Q

From an animal or insect bite.

A

Vector

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16
Q

Centrifuges → must be balanced to distribute the load equally.

A

Mechanical Hazards

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17
Q

R.A.C.E.

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate

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18
Q

Equipment should not be operated with wet hands. All electrical equipment must be grounded with three-pronged plugs. Designated hospital personnel monitor electrical equipment closely; however, laboratory personnel should continually observe for any dangerous conditions, such as frayed cords and overloaded circuits. Equipment that has become wet should be unplugged and allowed to dry completely before reusing. All equipment also should be unplugged before cleaning.

A

Electrical Hazards

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19
Q

When skin contact occurs, the best first aid is to flush the area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention.

A

Chemical spills and exposure

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20
Q

Hazardous material symbol

A

NFPA 704

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21
Q

Regular exposure to blood and bodily fluids.

A

Category II

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22
Q

Waste Disposal Technique

A
  • Incineration
  • Recycling
  • Landfill burial
  • Flushing down the drain
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23
Q

Any blood, blood fluid, or other potentially infectious material spills must be cleaned up by:

A

Spill cleanup kit
Common aqueous detergent
10% bleach using appropriate contact time

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24
Q

The host inhales material from the reservoir.

A

Droplet

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25
Q

P.A.S.S.

A

Pull Pin
Aim Nozzle
Squeeze Trigger
Sweep Nozzle

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26
Q

Infectious agents must have a way to exit the reservoir to continue their chain of infection. This can be through the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and eyes, and in blood or other bodily fluids.

A

Portal of exit

27
Q

The unprotected host touches the patient, specimen, or a contaminated object.

A

Direct contact

28
Q

Exposure to radiation during pregnancy does not endanger the fetus.

A

False

29
Q

Employers do not have to offer HBV vaccine to all personnel (Category I and II).

A

False

30
Q

Equipment and radioisotopes

A

Radioactive Hazards

31
Q

Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a description of their particular hazard, such as poisonous, corrosive,
flammable, explosive, teratogenic, or carcinogenic.

A

Chemical Labelling

32
Q

Caused by an electrical anomaly that can be extinguished by dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam, or Halon.

A

Class C Fire Type

33
Q

All areas where radioactive materials are used or stored must be posted with caution signs, and traffic in these areas should be restricted to essential personnel only.

A

Radiation Safety

34
Q

Blood and body fluid precautions should be consistently used for all patients.

A

CDC (Universal Precaution 1985)

35
Q

Can be another patient during invasive procedures, visitors, and healthcare personnel when exposed to infectious specimens or needlestick injuries.

A

Susceptible host

36
Q

Types of Safety Hazards

A

Biological
Sharp
Chemical
Radioactive
Electrical
Fire/explosive
Physical

37
Q

Location of potentially harmful microorganisms, such as a contaminated clinical specimen or an infected patient. A place where infectious agents can live and possibly multiply.

A

Reservoir

38
Q

Proper hand hygiene, correct disposal of contaminated materials, and wearing PPE are of major importance in the laboratory.

A

Chain of infection

39
Q

Composed of flammable organic materials that can be extinguished by dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam, or Halon.

A

Class B Fire Type

40
Q

Means of Transmission (Biological Hazards)

A

Direct contact
Airborne
Droplet
Vehicle
Vector

41
Q

Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract if inhaled or ingested.

A

Corrosive Chemicals

42
Q

OSHA also requires all facilities that use hazardous chemicals to have a written chemical hygiene plan (CHP) available to employees.

A

Chemical Hygiene Plan

43
Q

Safety Equipment

A

Safety showers / eye wash station
Fire extinguisher
Fume hood
Biosafety cabinets
PPE

44
Q

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

A

Physical and chemical characteristics
Fire and explosion potential
Reactivity potential
Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures
Methods for safe handling and disposal
Primary routes of entry
Exposure limits and carcinogenic potential

45
Q

Ingestion of a contaminated substance.

A

Vehicle

46
Q

Inhalation of dried aerosol particles circulating on air currents or attached to dust particles.

A

Airborne

47
Q

No exposure to blood and bodily fluids.

A

Category III

48
Q

Pertains to needles, lancets, and broken glassware/glass slides.

A

Sharp Hazards

49
Q

Equipment and other soiled inanimate objects will serve as reservoirs, particularly if they contain blood, urine, or other bodily fluids.

A

Fomites

50
Q

Not unique to the laboratory, and routine precautions observed outside the workplace apply.

A

Physical Hazards

51
Q

Spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases.

A

Reactive Chemicals

52
Q

Can be the same as the portal of exit, which includes the mucous membrane of the nose, mouth and eyes, breaks in the skin, and open wounds.

A

Portal of entry

53
Q

Daily exposure to blood and bodily fluids.

A

Category I

54
Q

Refers to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.

A

Biological Hazard

55
Q

Two Primary Causes of Accidents

A

Unsafe activities
Unsafe environmental conditions

56
Q

Blue in HAZMAT

A

Health Hazard

57
Q

Red in HAZMAT

A

Fire Hazard

58
Q

White in HAZMAT

A

Specific Hazard

59
Q

Yellow in HAZMAT

A

Reactivity

60
Q

All sharp objects must be disposed in puncture-resistant, leak-proof container with the biohazard symbol.

A

True

61
Q

Green in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste

A

General Waste

62
Q

Red in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste

A

Infected Plastics

63
Q

Yellow in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste

A

Infected Waste

64
Q

Blue in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste

A

Glassware

PMLS 2 (LEC and LAB) (7 decks)

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