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PMLS 2 (LEC and LAB) > Laboratory Safety and Hazards > Flashcards

Laboratory Safety and Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Waste Disposal

A
  • Flush water-soluble substances down the drain with large
    quantities of water
  • Strong acids and bases should be neutralized before
    disposal
  • Foul-smelling chemicals should never be disposed down
    the drain
  • Flammable solvents → collected in approved containers
  • Flammable material → specially designed incinerators
  • Solid chemicals → landfill
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2
Q

Composed of combustible metals that can be extinguished by dry chemicals, sand, or dry powder.

A

Class D Fire Type

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3
Q

Biological/Biochemical Waste Disposal

A

All biological waste (EXCEPT URINE) should be placed in appropriate containers labeled with a biohazard symbol.

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4
Q

Healthcare facilities developed procedures to control and monitor infections occurring within facilities.

A

Infection Control

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5
Q

Consists of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.

A

Infectious agents

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6
Q

Classified according to flash point → the temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture
with air.

A

Flammable / Combustible Chemicals

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7
Q

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires that all Healthcare institutions post evacuation routes and detailed plans to follow in the event of a fire.

A

Fire Hazard

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8
Q

Composed of grease, oils, or fats that can be extinguished by liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire.

A

Class K Fire Type

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9
Q

Composed of wood, paper, or clothing that can be extinguished by water.

A

Class A Fire Type

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10
Q

All sharp objects must be disposed in puncture-resistant, leak-proof container with the biohazard symbol.

A

Sharp Hazard Safety

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11
Q

Urine Disposal

A

Decontaminate the sink by 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach solution). Disinfection of the sink should be performed daily. Empty urine containers can be discarded as
nonbiologically hazardous waste. Incineration, inactivation, burial, chemical disinfection, encapsulation in a solid matrix

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12
Q

Specimens should be capped during centrifugation.

A

True

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13
Q

Chemicals should never be mixed together unless specific instructions are followed, and they must be added in the order specified. (Important when combining acid and water)

A

Chemical Handling

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14
Q

OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogen standard requires written ‘Exposure Control Plan”.

A

True

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15
Q

From an animal or insect bite.

A

Vector

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16
Q

Centrifuges → must be balanced to distribute the load equally.

A

Mechanical Hazards

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17
Q

R.A.C.E.

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate

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18
Q

Equipment should not be operated with wet hands. All electrical equipment must be grounded with three-pronged plugs. Designated hospital personnel monitor electrical equipment closely; however, laboratory personnel should continually observe for any dangerous conditions, such as frayed cords and overloaded circuits. Equipment that has become wet should be unplugged and allowed to dry completely before reusing. All equipment also should be unplugged before cleaning.

A

Electrical Hazards

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19
Q

When skin contact occurs, the best first aid is to flush the area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention.

A

Chemical spills and exposure

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20
Q

Hazardous material symbol

A

NFPA 704

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21
Q

Regular exposure to blood and bodily fluids.

A

Category II

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22
Q

Waste Disposal Technique

A
  • Incineration
  • Recycling
  • Landfill burial
  • Flushing down the drain
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23
Q

Any blood, blood fluid, or other potentially infectious material spills must be cleaned up by:

A

Spill cleanup kit
Common aqueous detergent
10% bleach using appropriate contact time

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24
Q

The host inhales material from the reservoir.

A

Droplet

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25
P.A.S.S.
Pull Pin Aim Nozzle Squeeze Trigger Sweep Nozzle
26
Infectious agents must have a way to exit the reservoir to continue their chain of infection. This can be through the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and eyes, and in blood or other bodily fluids.
Portal of exit
27
The unprotected host touches the patient, specimen, or a contaminated object.
Direct contact
28
Exposure to radiation during pregnancy does not endanger the fetus.
False
29
Employers do not have to offer HBV vaccine to all personnel (Category I and II).
False
30
Equipment and radioisotopes
Radioactive Hazards
31
Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a description of their particular hazard, such as poisonous, corrosive, flammable, explosive, teratogenic, or carcinogenic.
Chemical Labelling
32
Caused by an electrical anomaly that can be extinguished by dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam, or Halon.
Class C Fire Type
33
All areas where radioactive materials are used or stored must be posted with caution signs, and traffic in these areas should be restricted to essential personnel only.
Radiation Safety
34
Blood and body fluid precautions should be consistently used for all patients.
CDC (Universal Precaution 1985)
35
Can be another patient during invasive procedures, visitors, and healthcare personnel when exposed to infectious specimens or needlestick injuries.
Susceptible host
36
Types of Safety Hazards
Biological Sharp Chemical Radioactive Electrical Fire/explosive Physical
37
Location of potentially harmful microorganisms, such as a contaminated clinical specimen or an infected patient. A place where infectious agents can live and possibly multiply.
Reservoir
38
Proper hand hygiene, correct disposal of contaminated materials, and wearing PPE are of major importance in the laboratory.
Chain of infection
39
Composed of flammable organic materials that can be extinguished by dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam, or Halon.
Class B Fire Type
40
Means of Transmission (Biological Hazards)
Direct contact Airborne Droplet Vehicle Vector
41
Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract if inhaled or ingested.
Corrosive Chemicals
42
OSHA also requires all facilities that use hazardous chemicals to have a written chemical hygiene plan (CHP) available to employees.
Chemical Hygiene Plan
43
Safety Equipment
Safety showers / eye wash station Fire extinguisher Fume hood Biosafety cabinets PPE
44
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Physical and chemical characteristics Fire and explosion potential Reactivity potential Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures Methods for safe handling and disposal Primary routes of entry Exposure limits and carcinogenic potential
45
Ingestion of a contaminated substance.
Vehicle
46
Inhalation of dried aerosol particles circulating on air currents or attached to dust particles.
Airborne
47
No exposure to blood and bodily fluids.
Category III
48
Pertains to needles, lancets, and broken glassware/glass slides.
Sharp Hazards
49
Equipment and other soiled inanimate objects will serve as reservoirs, particularly if they contain blood, urine, or other bodily fluids.
Fomites
50
Not unique to the laboratory, and routine precautions observed outside the workplace apply.
Physical Hazards
51
Spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases.
Reactive Chemicals
52
Can be the same as the portal of exit, which includes the mucous membrane of the nose, mouth and eyes, breaks in the skin, and open wounds.
Portal of entry
53
Daily exposure to blood and bodily fluids.
Category I
54
Refers to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
Biological Hazard
55
Two Primary Causes of Accidents
Unsafe activities Unsafe environmental conditions
56
Blue in HAZMAT
Health Hazard
57
Red in HAZMAT
Fire Hazard
58
White in HAZMAT
Specific Hazard
59
Yellow in HAZMAT
Reactivity
60
All sharp objects must be disposed in puncture-resistant, leak-proof container with the biohazard symbol.
True
61
Green in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste
General Waste
62
Red in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste
Infected Plastics
63
Yellow in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste
Infected Waste
64
Blue in Segregation of Hospital Bio-Medical Waste
Glassware

PMLS 2 (LEC and LAB) (7 decks)

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