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Microbio > Laboratory Safety > Flashcards

Laboratory Safety Flashcards

1
Q

kills all forms of microbial life

A

sterilization

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2
Q

destroys pathogenic organisms

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

removal of pathogenic microorganisms

A

Decontamination

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4
Q

Sterilization, disinfection, and decontamination are affected by?

A

Organic load
Type of organism present
Concentration and exposure time
Physical and chemical nature of the surface
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Presence of biofilm

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5
Q

What are the methods of sterilization

A

Incineration
Moist heat
Dry heat
Filtration
Ionizing (gamma) radiation
Chemicals

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6
Q

Temp for Incineration

A

870-980 degrees

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7
Q

what method of sterilization has the safest method

A

Incineration

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8
Q

Methods capable of destroying prions and infective proteins

A

Incineration

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9
Q

Steam under pressure

A

Moist heat

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10
Q

Temp for moist heat

A

121 and 132 degrees

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11
Q

the fastest and simplest method of sterilization

A

Moist heat

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12
Q

An example of moist heat

A

Autoclave

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13
Q

How long does dry heat sterilization typically require for effective sterilization?

A

1.5-3 hours

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14
Q

What temperature range is used for dry heat sterilization?

A

160-180 degrees

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15
Q

What types of materials are suitable for sterilization using dry heat?

A

Glasswares
Oil
Petrolatum
Powders

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16
Q

which has higher temperature? Moist heat or dry heat

A

Dry heat

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17
Q

What types of substances can be sterilized using filtration?

A

Antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines, and carbohydrates

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18
Q

What type of membrane is used for liquid filtration and how is it operated?

A

Cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate membrane with vacuum

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19
Q

What type of filter is used for air filtration

A

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter

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20
Q

what is HEPA particle size efficiency ?

A

(0.3 μm)

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21
Q

HEPA means

A

High efficiency particulate air

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22
Q

What type of sterilization is suitable for disposable items?

A

Ionizing (gamma) radiation

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23
Q

What is the most common chemical used for sterilization in gaseous form?

A

Ethylene oxide

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24
Q

What sterilization method is suitable for HEPA filters, metals, and nonmetal devices such as medical instruments?

A

Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide

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25
Q

What is another chemical sterilization method besides vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide?

A

Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma

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26
Q

What are the Physical methods of disinfection

A

Boiling
Pasteurizing
Nonionizing radiation

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27
Q

What type of disinfection method uses 100°C for 15 minutes?

A

Boiling

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28
Q

What temperature and duration are used for boiling to disinfect vegetative bacteria?

A

100°C for 15 minutes

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29
Q

What temperature and duration are used for pasteurizing to eliminate food pathogens?

A

70°C for 30 minutes

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30
Q

What type of nonionizing radiation is used for disinfection?

A

UV light

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31
Q

What is the purpose of pasteurizing at 70°C for 30 minutes?

A

To eliminate food pathogens

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32
Q

What kind of bacteria are targeted by boiling at 100°C for 15 minutes?

A

Vegetative bacteria

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33
Q

What are the chemical methods of disinfection

A

Alcohols
Aldehydes
Halogens
Peracetic acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Quaternary ammonium
Phenolics

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34
Q

What concentration range of alcohol is effective for disinfection?

A

60-90% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol solution

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35
Q

Which aldehydes are used as disinfectants and how long do they take to be sporicidal?

A

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde (sporicidal in 3-10 hours)

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36
Q

What chemical is used for surface disinfection of surgical instruments?

A

Peracetic acid

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37
Q

What concentration of hydrogen peroxide is used for disinfecting inanimate objects?

A

3% hydrogen peroxide

38
Q

Which disinfectant is commonly used on bench tops or other surfaces?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

39
Q

What type of phenolics is used for disinfection, and what is a common example?

A

Derivatives of carbolic acid (phenol);

example: Amphyl

40
Q

What is a widely used antiseptic

41
Q

What concentration of alcohol is used as an antiseptic?

A

70% alcohol

42
Q

What concentration of silver nitrate is used as an antiseptic?

A

1% silver nitrate

43
Q

What labeling system is used to identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace?

A

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) label

44
Q

What is the purpose of a chemical hygiene plan?

A

To provide guidelines on proper labeling of chemical containers

45
Q

What document provides detailed information about the safety and handling of chemicals?

A

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

46
Q

What is required for chemical safety training in the workplace?

A

Written chemical safety training and retraining programs

47
Q

What is the primary function of fume hoods in a laboratory?

A

To protect against chemical odor

48
Q

They protect against chemical odor,
but they are not HEPA-filtered to trap
pathogenic microorganisms

49
Q

Are fume hoods HEPA-filtered to trap pathogenic microorganisms?

50
Q

NFPA diamond: Blue

A

Health hazard

51
Q

NFPA diamond: Red

A

Fire hazard

52
Q

NFPA diamond: white

A

special hazard

53
Q

NFPA diamond: yellow

A

Instability / reactivity hazard

54
Q

What types of materials does a Type A fire extinguisher protect against?

A

Trash, wood, paper

55
Q

What type of fires is a Type B fire extinguisher used for?

A

chemical fires

56
Q

What kind of fires does a Type C fire extinguisher address?

A

Electrical fires

57
Q

In case of a fire remember the ____ acronym

58
Q

Race acronym means

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish

59
Q

What year did the CDC introduce Universal Precautions?

60
Q

What were Universal Precautions introduced by the CDC in 1987 aimed at reducing?

A

The risk of HBV transmission in clinical laboratories and blood banks

61
Q

What do Standard Precautions, established in 1996, state about blood and body fluids?

A

All blood and body fluids from every patient should be treated as potentially infectious

62
Q

Which body fluid is excluded from the Standard Precautions guidelines?

63
Q

Which guidelines apply to clinical laboratories and blood banks regarding infection risk?

A

Universal Precautions and Standard Precautions

64
Q

In what year were Standard Precautions established?

65
Q

What symbol should be prominently displayed on laboratory doors and equipment containing infectious material?

A

Biohazard symbol

66
Q

Its primary purpose is to To protect workers from aerosol exposure to infectious disease agents

A

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)

67
Q

How is air sterilized in a Biological Safety Cabinet?

A

By heat, UV light, or most commonly, by passage through a HEPA filter

68
Q

The classifications of Biological Safety Cabinets based on

A

the containment levels

69
Q

What BSC class, Allows room air to pass in and sterilizes only the exhausted air

A

Class I BSC

70
Q

BSC Class: operates under negative pressure.

71
Q

What BSC class Sterilizes air that flows over the infectious material and the exhausted air

72
Q

True or false:
Class II A recirculates 75% of the air into the work area, while Class II B exhausts air inside the building and is used for hazardous materials.

A

False,
Class II A- 70%
Class II B- exhaust outside

73
Q

What BSC class has the most protection to the worker

74
Q

BSC Class: Vertical laminar flow BSC

A

BSC Class II

75
Q

What class II :self-contained, 70% of the air is recirculated into the work area

A

Class II A

76
Q

What Class II : exhaust air is discharged outside the building, radioisotopes,
toxic chemicals, or carcinogens

A

Class II B

77
Q

What BSC class : Completely enclosed and have negative pressure

78
Q

what mask to be used for procedures generating airborne and droplets

A

FFP3 respirator

79
Q

What prophylaxis is recommended in the event of exposure to Hepatitis B?

A

Hepatitis B virus immunoglobulin (HBIG) or HBV booster immunization

80
Q

what are the classification of biologic agents based on hazard

A

Biosafety level 1,2,3,4

81
Q

BSL level : Agents with no known potential for infecting healthy people that are well defined and characterized

82
Q

BSL level: Bacillus subtilis and Naegleria gruberi

83
Q

Which biosafety level is most commonly sought in clinical specimens

84
Q

BSL level : HIV, HBV, and Salmonella

85
Q

BSL level : Organisms unlikely to be encountered in routine clinical laboratories

86
Q

Example of organism handled at BSL-3

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Coxiella burnetii
mold stages of fungi

87
Q

How are materials suspected of containing Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) organisms primarily transmitted?

A

By infectious aerosol

88
Q

What biosafety level involves handling exotic agents that are high risk and cause life-threatening disease?

A

Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)

89
Q

What are examples of agents that require Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) containment?

A

Marburg virus and Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever

90
Q

What type of containment is required for procedures at Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)?

A

Maximum containment, typically performed under a Class III Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)

91
Q

Which biosafety level includes agents such as the Marburg virus?

A

Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)

92
Q

Which biosafety level would handle Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus?

Microbio (5 decks)

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