Laboratory Methods Flashcards
Poisson distribution
Poisson waiting time distribution
Capacitor Z
1 / (iωC)
Inductor Z
Z = iωL
Resistor Z
R
Series impedence
Ztot = Σi Zi
Parallel impedence
Max energy of photoelectrons
Solution to the differential radioactive decay equation
N=N0e-λT
λ in radioactive decay
Total lifetime relation if a substance can decay multiple ways
Best type of laser for spectroscopy over a range of visible wavelengths
Dye laser
Bremsstrahlung radiation
Electrons give up energy in the precense of an electric field by emitting a high-energy photon (usually X-ray)
Collisional gas lasers transitions
Transitions are due to collisions between atoms.
Collisional gas lasers medium
Medium is gas or gaseous mixture
Collisional gas lasers
Transitions are due to collisions between atoms
Compton scattering
A photon scatters elastically of an atomic electron, which is ejected
Compton scattering part of the energy spectrum
medium-energy photons (tens of keV)
Condition on d for getting a fringe in an interferometer
d = mλ / 2
Differential radioactive decay equation
dN/dt = - λ N
Dye laser medium
Liquid
Dye laser transitions
Related to the electron-transfer properties along chains of carbon atoms
Free electron laser medium
A collection of electrons
Free electron laser transition
Electrons are forced to accelerate back and forth in an external electric field and emit bremsstrahlung.
Interaction of compton scattering
Atomic electron
Interaction of pair production
Atomic nucleus
Interaction of photoabsorption
The entire atom
Molecular gas laser medium
Medium is a gas
Pair production
The electric field near a nucleus induces a photon to produce an electron-positron pair
Pair production part of the energy spectrum
high-energy photons (tens of MeV and above)
Photoabsorption
Photon is absorbed by an atom and an electron is emitted
Photoabsorption part of the energy spectrum
low-energy photons (a few keV)
Photoelectric cutoff frequency
Resonant frequency of an LC circuit
Semiconductor or diode laser medium
A semiconductor
Semiconductor or diode laser transitions
Electron-hole annihilation between electrons in the bottom of the conduction band and holes at the top of the valence band
Solid state laser medium
A crystal or glass
Solid state laser transitions
Between atomic energy levels
What are characteristic X-rays?
Those emitted when an incident electron collides with and dislodges an inner-shell electron so an outer-shell electron fills the vacancy in the inner shell
Compton wavelength
λ = h / (mc)
Wavelength shift of light due to Compton scattering
