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Clinical Chemistry > LABORATORY MATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTATION > Flashcards

LABORATORY MATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Used to separate substances of different mass or density

A

CENTRIFUGE

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2
Q

RPM stands for

A

revolutions per minute

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3
Q

RCF stands for

A

relative centrifugal force

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4
Q

formula for RCF

A

RPM2 x r x 1.12 x 10-5

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5
Q

RPM of the centrifuge is calibrated using _____

A

tachometer

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6
Q

Swinging bucket type, the centrifuge tubes are held in a vertical position when not moving but are horizontal when the centrifuge is fully in motion

A

Horizontal head centrifuge

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7
Q

Centrifuge recommended for SST

A

Horizontal head centrifuge

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8
Q

Has a fixed 25-52 degrees angle in which the tubes are held during centrifugation

A

Angle Head Centrifuge

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9
Q

Centrifuge adequate for cell packing

A

Angle Head Centrifuge

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10
Q

Generates the highest speed; centrifuge head is held at a fixed angle but generates tight sediment buttons due to the high speed generated

A

Ultracentrifuge

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11
Q

Centrifuge for lipoprotein separation

A

Ultracentrifuge

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12
Q

Pipets are classified according to:

A

According to design, drainage, and purpose

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13
Q

Holds a particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume

A

To contain

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14
Q

Will dispense the exact volume indicated

A

To deliver

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15
Q

Last drop of the liquid should be expelled into the receiving vessel to get the exact volume

A

Blow out / Blown Out

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16
Q

Allows the contents of the pipet to drain by gravity

A

Self- draining pipet

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17
Q

It is a self-draining pipet but the tip should not be allowed to touch the vessel while the pipet is draining

A

Mohr Pipet

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18
Q

Has a graduation marks to the tip and is generally a blowout pipet

A

Serologic Pipet

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19
Q

It is a pipet with a total holding volume of less than 1 mL

A

Micropipet

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20
Q

Used for biological fluids with viscosity greater than that of water (such as blood)

A

Ostwald Folin Pipet

21
Q

What type of pipet is Ostwald Folin Pipet

A

Blow out pipet

22
Q

It has the greatest degree of accuracy and precision

A

Volumetric Pipet

23
Q

Most commonly used mechanical pipet which relies on piston for suction

A

Air displacement pipet

24
Q

A mechanical pipet that operates by moving the pistol in the pipet/barrier

A

Positive displacement pipet

25
Q

Plastic pipet is made of ____

A

Polypropylene

26
Q

Calibrating media for TD and TC pipet

A

TD: distilled water
TC: mercury

27
Q

Wavelength is ____ proportional to amount of energy

A

inversely

28
Q

<400 nm

A

UV

29
Q

> 700 nm

A

infrared

30
Q

Absorbance is ___proportional to the concentration

A

directly

31
Q

Light source for visible - infrared range

A

tungsten halongen / iodide lamp

32
Q

MC used light source

A

tungsten halogen lamp (1200 nm)

33
Q

Light source for ultraviolet range

A

mercury arc lamp, deuterium discharge lamp, xenon arc lamp

34
Q

Function of entrance slit

A

Minimizes the unwanted or stray light

35
Q

It isolates specific or individual wavelengths

A

monochromator

36
Q

Give (4) examples of monochromator

A

colored glass filters, prisms, interference filters, diffraction grating

37
Q

wedge shaped pieces of glass, quartz or NaCl

A

Prisms

38
Q

most commonly used due to better resolution than prisms

A

Diffraction gratings

39
Q

Controls the width of light beam (bandpass)

A

Exit Slit

40
Q

Holds the sample solution

A

Sample Cuvette

41
Q

Which is more preferred when it comes to the bottom of cuvette? Round or square

A

Square

42
Q

Convert the transmitted energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy

A

detector

43
Q

Has excellent sensitivity and rapid response

A

Photomultiplier tube

44
Q

Fluoremetry is a.k.a _____

A

Molecular luminescence spectrophotometry

45
Q

Principles of fluoremetry

A
  1. It measures the amount of light intensity present over a zero background
  2. Determines the amount of light emitted by a molecule after excitation by EM radiation
46
Q

Things to remember about fluorometry:

A

Things to remember about fluorometry:

  1. Uses 2 monochromator
  2. Monochromator is set at a right angle
  3. Uses a UV light source
  4. More sensitive and more specific (500-1000x more sensitive than spectro)
47
Q

referes to presence of other substance that could interfere fluorescence

A

Quenching Phenomenon

48
Q

Stokes effect refers to the difference between ___. ____, ______.

A

maximum wavelength, excitational, and emitted fluorescence

Clinical Chemistry (4 decks)

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