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BACTE | MIDTERMS > Laboratory Diagnosis of Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Laboratory Diagnosis of Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

identify

  • BAP: shiny, opaque, smooth, nonhemolytic
  • MAC: NLF/LF
A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

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2
Q

identify

produces flat colonies with jagged edges on MAC

A

Shigella sonnei

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3
Q

identify

TSI contains 10 parts (?) : 10 parts (?) : 1 part (?) and (?)

A
  • lactose
  • sucrose
  • glucose
  • peptone
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4
Q

identify

This test is used to determine the ability of an organism to utilize sodium citrate as its only carbon source and inorganic ammonium salts as its only nitrogen source

A

citrate utilization

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5
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: red or yellow
A

Hafnia alvei

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6
Q

identify

Christensen’s citrate medium incorporates phenol red (as the Ph indicator) and organic nitrogen.

At an alkaline pH, the indicator turns from yellow to (?)

citrate utilization

A

pink

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7
Q

identify

  • Production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
  • Salmonella spp. appear as brown to black precipitate

isolation of Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp.

A

Bismuth sulfite agar

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8
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (-)
  • urease: (-)
  • indole: (+/-)
  • methyl red: (+)
  • voges-proskauer: (-)
  • citrate (simmons): (-)
  • KCN: (-)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (-)
  • mucate: (d)
  • mannitol: (+/-)
A

Escherichieae

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9
Q

identify

  • Shigella spp. appear colorless
  • Salmonella spp. colorless with a black center

isolation of Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp.

A

Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS)

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10
Q

identify

used to differentiate sorbitolnegative E. coli O157:H7 from other strains of E. coli

A

MacConkeysorbitol agar (MAC-SOR)

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11
Q

identify

reagents

rapid spot indole test

A
  • kovac’s reagent
  • p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde Bio Merieux (or equivalent)
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12
Q

identify

This test is helpful in initial differentiation of Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia organisms, which are positive

A

phenylalanine deaminase (PAD)

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13
Q

identify

may be red pigmented, especially if plate is left at 25°C on MAC

A

Serratia marcescens

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14
Q

identify

Bacteria that can grow on this medium turn the bromthymol blue indicator from green to (?)

citrate utilization

A

blue

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15
Q

identify

methyl red test positive:

(?) color at surface of the medium

MR-VP medium/MR-VP broth

A

red

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16
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (-)
  • urease: (-/+)
  • indole: (-)
  • methyl red: (-)
  • voges-proskauer: (+)
  • citrate (simmons): (+)
  • KCN: (+)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (-)
  • mucate: (+/-)
  • mannitol: (+)
A

Klebsielleae

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17
Q

identify

Rapid development of a (?) color on the filter paper, usually within 30 seconds, is indicative of a positive test result.

rapid spot indole test

A

bright pink-red

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18
Q

identify

(?) medium is an alternative test medium

citrate utilization

A

Christensen’s citrate

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19
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF
  • HE: green, H2S production
  • XLD: red with H2S
A

Salmonella spp.

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20
Q

identify

colonies on SBA are pinpoint at 24 hours but exhibit a rough, cauliflower appearance at 48 hours

A

Y. pestis

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21
Q

identify

  • safety pin appearance
  • bipolar appearnce
A

Yersinia spp

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22
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (-)
  • urease: (+)
  • indole: (+/-)
  • methyl red: (+)
  • voges-proskauer: (-)
  • citrate (simmons): (-)
  • KCN: (-)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (-)
  • mucate: (none)
  • mannitol: (+)
A

Yersiniae

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23
Q

identify

Simmons Citrate Agar contains (?)

A

ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

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24
Q

identify

methyl red test negative:

(?) color at surface of the medium

MR-VP medium/MR-VP broth

A

yellow

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25
Q

identify

negative

voges-proskauer test|results

A

Escherichia coli

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26
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF
  • HE: green
  • XLD: colorless
A

Shigella spp.

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27
Q

identify

K/NC
(glucose, lactose, and sucrose non utilizer)

TSI agar|results

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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28
Q

identify

  • MAC: most LF, some NLF, generally flat, dry, pink colonies with a surrounding darker pink area of precipitated bile salts
  • HE: yellow
  • XLD: yellow
A

Escherichia spp.

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29
Q

identify

A (?) color denotes a negative indole test after addition of Kovacs Reagent

SIM (sulfide, indole, motility) medium|results

A

yellow

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30
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (+/-)
  • urease: (+/-)
  • indole: (+/-)
  • methyl red: (+)
  • voges-proskauer: (-)
  • citrate (simmons): (d)
  • KCN: (+)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (+)
  • mucate: (-)
  • mannitol: (-/+)
A

Proteeae

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31
Q

identify

Decarboxylates or deaminates lysine and forms hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

A

lysin iron agar

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32
Q

identify

used as the positive control

rapid spot indole test|quality control

A

E. coli ATCC 25922

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33
Q

identify

A negative reaction is evidenced by no growth or growth with the medium remaining (?) in color

simmons citrate agar

A

green

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34
Q

identify

A positive test for indole is denoted when a (?) color band is formed at the top of the medium after addition of Kovacs Reagent

SIM (sulfide, indole, motility) medium|results

A

pink to red

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35
Q

identify

The production of (?) color indicates that indole has been produced from the amino acid tryptophan

kovac’s indole test

A

red

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36
Q

identify

R/A
(lysine deamination and glucose fermentation)

A

Proteus vulgaris

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37
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (+)
  • urease: (-)
  • indole: (+)
  • methyl red: (+)
  • voges-proskauer: (-)
  • citrate (simmons): (-)
  • KCN: (-)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (-)
  • mucate: (-)
  • mannitol: (-)
A

Edwardsielleae

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38
Q

identify

  • Salmonella spp. colorless to red with black center
  • Shigella spp. colorless to red
  • Other Enterobacteriaceae Yellow

isolation of Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp.

A

Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar (XLD)

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39
Q

identify

a selective medium specifically used for the isolation of Y. enterocolitica

A

Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar (CIN)

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40
Q

identify

Cultures to be tested must be grown on media containing tryptophan.

Trypticase soy agar (TSA) with or without sheep red blood cells is suitable

A

rapid slot indole test

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41
Q

identify

K/A
(glucose fermentation)

lysin iron agar|result

A

Shigella flexneri

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42
Q

identify

reagents

nitrate reduction test

A

solution A
* sulfanilic acid
* acetic acid

solution B
* β-Naphthylamine
* acetic acid
* glacial acetic acid
* distilled water

43
Q

identify

voges-proskauer test:

A positive reaction is indicated by the development of a distinct (?) color which occurs within 5 minutes

MR-VP medium/MR-VP broth

A

red

44
Q

identify

positive
(Change in color of slant from light orange to magenta)

urea hydrolysis|results

A

Proteus vulgaris

45
Q

identify

positive

voges-proskauer test|results

A

Enterobacter cloacae

46
Q

identify

N,N-dimethyl-α-naphthylamine and sulfanilic acid is added

(?) color indicates the presence of nitrite

nitrate and nitrite reduction

A

red

47
Q

identify

indole negative

kovac’s indole test|results

A

Pneumoniae

48
Q

identify

Salmonella spp. appear as white to pink or red colonies surrounded by a bright halo

isolation of Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp.

A

brilliant green agar

49
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF, may swarm, foul smell
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: yellow or colorless, with/without H2S
A

Proteus spp.

50
Q

identify

  • Gram negative bacilli
  • Coccobacilli or straight rods with rounded ends
A

enterobacteriaceae

51
Q

identify

A negative motility test is indicated by growth confined to the (?)

SIM (sulfide, indole, motility) medium|results

A

stab line

52
Q

identify

Cloudiness spreading from the inoculation line is positive for (?)

sulfide-indole-motility agar

A

motility

53
Q

identify

Wright or Giemsa stain of lesions infected with (?):

DONOVAN Body are blue rod with prominent polar granules, giving rise to the safety-pin appearance, surrounded by a large, pink capsule.

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

54
Q

identify

A positive motility test is indicated by a (?) flaring from the line of inoculation

SIM (sulfide, indole, motility) medium|results

A

diffuse zone of growth

55
Q

identify

Urea Agar contains (?) and (?) as the pH indicator

A
  • urea
  • phenol red
56
Q

identify

may be used as enrichment for the isolation of Shigella

A
  • Gram-negative broth (GN)
  • Selenite broth (SEL)
57
Q

identify

  • MAC: LF, mucoid
  • HE: yellow
  • XLD: yellow
A

Klebsiella spp.

58
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: yellow or colorless
A

Providencia spp.

59
Q

identify

A positive H2S test is denoted by a (?) of the medium along the line of inoculation.

SIM (sulfide, indole, motility) medium|results

A

blackening

60
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (+/-)
  • urease: (+/-)
  • indole: (-/+)
  • methyl red: (+)
  • voges-proskauer: (-)
  • citrate (simmons): (+)
  • KCN: (+/-)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (-)
  • mucate: (none)
  • mannitol: (+)
A

Citrobacteriaceae

61
Q

identify

positive

methyl red test|results

A

Escherichia coli

62
Q

identify

selective agars in addition to SBA, chocolate, and MacConkey agars

A
  • Hektoen enteric agar (HE)
  • xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar (XLD)
  • Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS)
63
Q

identify

negative
[No color change (agar slant and butt remain light
orange)]

urea hydrolysis

A

Escherichia coli

64
Q

identify

This test is used to determine the ability of an organism to produce the enzyme urease, which hydrolyzes urea

A

urea hydrolysis (Christensen’s method)

65
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF, may be colorless to peach
  • HE: salmon
  • XLD: yellow or colorless
A

Yersinia spp.

66
Q

identify

indole positive

kovac’s indole test|results

A

Escherichia coli

67
Q

identify

A positive reaction is indicated by growth with development of a (?) color reaction within the medium

simmons citrate agar

A

deep blue

68
Q

identify

culture medias:

A
  • SBA
  • Chocolate agar
  • MacConkey agar
69
Q

identify

Broth cultures of Y. pestis exhibit a characteristic ”(?)” in which clumps of cells adhere to one side of the tube

A

stalactite pattern

70
Q

identify

The production of H2S is indicated by a black precipitate, and a pink to red color after the addition of Kovac’s reagent is positive for (?)

sulfide-indole-motility agar

A

indole

71
Q

identify

The (?) is more sensitive than Kovac’s reagent and is preferred with nonfermentative bacteria

indole production

A

Ehrlich method

72
Q

identify

Selective enrichment for the growth of Salmonella spp.

isolation of Salmonella spp. & Shigella spp.

A

Selenite broth

73
Q

identify

Organisms capable of hydrolyzing urea form ammonia as a byproduct, thus turning the medium alkaline.

The pH indicator turns from pale yellow to (?) in color in these conditions

urea agar slant

A

pink-red

74
Q

identify

A (?) color develops if the test result is positive for nitrate reduction

nitrate reduction test|results

A

red

75
Q

identify

A/A
(glucose, sucrose, and/or lactose fermenter)

TSI agar|results

A

Escherichia coli

76
Q

identify

A negative H2S test is denoted by the absence of (?)

SIM (sulfide, indole, motility) medium|results

A

blackening

77
Q

identify

used as the negative control

rapid spot indole test|quality control

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

78
Q

identify

  • MAC: late LF,
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: yellow or colorless
A

Serratia spp.

79
Q

identify

(?) are blue rod with prominent polar granules, giving rise to the safety-pin appearance, surrounded by a large, pink capsule

A

DONOVAN body

80
Q

identify

Media that are highly selective for the isolation of Salmonella spp.

A
  • CHROM agar Salmonella
  • brilliant green agar
  • bismuth sulfite agar
81
Q

identify

reagents

kovac’s indole test

A
  • Amyl/isoamyl alcohol
  • p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
  • Hydrochloric acid
82
Q

identify

Approximately 5 drops of Kovac’s reagent is added directly to the broth culture.

The tube is shaken, and if indole is present, a (?) color develops

sulfide-indole-motility agar

A

red

83
Q

identify

K/K H2S+
(lysine decarboxylation and no fermentation of glucose, black precipitate in the butt)

lysin iron agar|results

A

Salmonella typhimurium

84
Q

identify

No color change indicates a (?) test result

rapid spot indole test

A

negative

85
Q

identify

one of the degradation products of the amino acid tryptophan

sulfide-indole-motility agar

A

indole

86
Q

identify

negative
(absence of growth)

citrate utilization|results

A

Escherichia coli

87
Q

identify

  • MAC: LF, may be mucoid
  • HE: yellow
  • XLD: yellow
A

Enterobacter spp.

88
Q

identify

Lactose fermenter, forms blueblack with a metallic green sheen

A

E. coli

89
Q

identify

Hydrolysis of urea produces ammonia and CO2

The formation of ammonia alkalinizes the medium, and the pH shift is detected by the color change of phenol red from (?) at pH 6.8 to (?) at pH 8.1

urea hydrolysis

A
  • light orange
  • magenta
90
Q

identify

(?) and (?) serve as indicators of acidification and H2S formation, respectively

TSI agar

A
  • phenol red
  • ferrous sulfate
91
Q

identify

negative

methyl red test|results

A

Enterobacter cloacea

92
Q

identify

Bromothymol Blue is (?) at pH (<7.0)
and (?) at pH (>7.6)

citrate utilization

A
  • green
  • blue
93
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: red or colorless
A

Morganella spp.

94
Q

identify

  • MAC: late LF (after 48 hr), colonies are light pink
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: red, yellow, or colorless, with/without H2S
A

Citrobacter spp.

95
Q

identify

K/A H2S+
(glucose fermentation only, black precipitate in the butt)

TSI agar|results

A

Salmonella typhi

96
Q

identify

  • MAC: NLF
  • HE: colorless
  • XLD: red, yellow, colorless, with/without H2S
A

Edwardsiella spp.

97
Q

identify

stained with Wayson stain or Methylene Blue stain

A

Yersinia spp.

98
Q

identify

After incubation, α-naphthol is added first as a catalyst or color intensifier. Next, 40% potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added, and the tube is gently shaken to increase oxygenation.

Under these conditions, acetoin is oxidized to diacetyl. Diacetyl in the presence of KOH and α-naphthol forms a (?) complex.

voges-proskauer test

A

red

99
Q

identify

After incubation, approximately half the broth is transferred to a clean dry tube for the VP test

A (?) color develops after addition of the pH indicator MR

MR-negative cultures remain (?) after addition of the pH indicator (pH 6.0)

methyl red test

A
  • red
  • yellow
100
Q

identify

A rapid indole test using p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde:

bacterial colonies are smeared onto filter paper that has been moistened with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde.

The formation of a (?) color within 2 minutes is a positive reaction

indole production

A

blue green

101
Q

identify

positive
(Growth on the medium, with or without a change in the color of the indicator. Growth usually results in the bromthymol blue indicator, turning from green to blue)

citrate utilization|results

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

102
Q

identify

  • H2S (TSI agar): (+)
  • urease: (-)
  • indole: (-)
  • methyl red: (+)
  • voges-proskauer: (-)
  • citrate (simmons): (+)
  • KCN: (-)
  • phenylalanine deaminase: (-)
  • mucate: (d)
  • mannitol: (+)
A

Salmonelleae

103
Q

identify

No color production is a (?) test result and should be confirmed by the addition of zinc dust.

If unreduced nitrate is present, a (?) color develops, confirming the negative test result.

If no color change occurs, a complete reduction has occurred, and the test result is (?)

nitrate reduction test|results

A
  • negative
  • red
  • positive

BACTE | MIDTERMS (3 decks)

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