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PMLS Midterms > Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity > Flashcards

Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenic organisms are possible sources of what?

A

Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAI)

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2
Q

Historical origin country of laboratory biosafety and biosecurity

A

North America and Western Europe

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3
Q

Program where the biosafety concept originated from

A

US Biological Weapons Program

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4
Q

Year that the biosafety concept originated from the US Biological Weapons Program

A

1943

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5
Q

US President who controls the US Biological Weapons Program

A

Franklin Roosevelt

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6
Q

The US Biological Weapons Program was active during what historical event?

A

Cold War

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7
Q

US President who terminated the US Biological Weapons Program

A

Richard Nixon

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8
Q

Year that Richard Nixon terminated the US Biological Weapons Program

A

1969

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9
Q

First scientific director of Camp Detrick

A

Ira L. Baldwin

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10
Q

New name of Camp Detrick

A

Fort Detrick

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11
Q

Reason for establishing the US Biological Weapons Program

A

For defensive purposes

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12
Q

Historical event that followed the permanent installation of Camp Detrick

A

World War 2

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13
Q

Person who designed modifications for biosafety at Camp Detrick

A

Newell A. Johnson

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14
Q

ABSA stands for?

A

American Biological Safety Association

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15
Q

When was the American Biological Safety Association (ABSA) formed?

A

1984

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16
Q

This became the large-scale annual meeting event of ABSA

A

ABSA annual conferences

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17
Q

Described the use of mechanical pipettors to prevent LAIs

A

Arnold Wedum

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18
Q

Year when Arnold Wedum introduced the concept of mechanical pipettors

A

1907 and 1908

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19
Q

Location of the pharmaceutical company that developed ventilated cabinets

A

Pennsylvania

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20
Q

Year that the Pennsylvania pharmaceutical company developed ventilated cabinets

A

1990

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21
Q

The ventilated cabinet was created for the prevention of the spread of what pathogen?

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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22
Q

The year smallpox increased the death rate of infected people

A

1967

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23
Q

2 of the containment areas of the smallpox disease

A
  1. US - Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
  2. Russia - State Research Center of Biology and Biotechnology (VECTOR)
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24
Q

Book published by the CDC that introduces the concepts of establishing levels of management associated with risks

A

Classification of Etiological Agents on the Basis of Hazards

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25
Q

The year when the Classification of Etiological Agents on the Basis of Hazards was published

A

1974

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26
Q

Book published by the National Institute of Health (NIH) of the US that described the needed elements for the 4 levels of physical containment

A

NIH Guide Lines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules

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27
Q

Book of the WHO that described the concepts of laboratory biosafety published in 1983

A

Laboratory Biosafety Manual (1st Edition)

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28
Q

Joint publication of the CDC and NIH in 1984

A

Biosafety and Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

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29
Q

Technical means of mitigating the risk of accidental infection from the exposure or accidental release of agents

A

Biosafety levels

30
Q

These are the highlighted elements in Biosafety

A

Equipment and Facility Controls

31
Q

People who adapted the administrative role of overseeing the equipment and facility controls for each biosafety level

A

Biosafety officers

32
Q

Director of the Industrial Health and Safety at the US Army Biological Research Laboratories

A

Arnold Wedum

33
Q

Considered as a pioneer in the concept of Biosafety

A

Arnold Wedum

34
Q

Arnold Wedum’s colleague at Fort Detrick who was a microbiologist conducting multiple epidemiological studies of laboratory-based outbreaks

A

Morton Reitmann

35
Q

Program enacted by the US Government to monitor the transfer of biological agents from one institution to another

A

Select Agent Regulations

36
Q

Anthrax outbreak of 2001 in the US

A

“Amerithrax”

37
Q

Refers to materials that pose the greatest risk of deliberate misuse

A

Tier 1 Materials

38
Q

Singapore’s biosecurity act

A

Biological Agents and Toxins Act

39
Q

South Korea’s biosecurity act

A

2005 Act on Prevention of Infectious Diseases

40
Q

Japan’s biosecurity law amended under their Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare

A

Infectious Disease Control Law

41
Q

This law from the Danish Government allowed who to regulate the handling of biological agents

A

Danish Ministry of Health and Prevention

42
Q

European Committee for Standardization

A

Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN)

43
Q

The publication of CEN on February 2008

A

CEN Workshop Agreement 15793 (CWA 15793)

44
Q

The offered mechanism of the CEN Workshop Agreement 15793

A

Stakeholders can develop consensus standards and requirements

45
Q

The number of countries that sent their experts for the formation of the CEN Workshop Agreement 15793

A

24 (Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Ghana, UK, US, etc.)

46
Q

Year of expiration of the CEN Worksop Agreement 15793

A

2014

47
Q

Publication of WHO that contained the different levels of containment laboratories (BSLs 1-4)

A

Laboratory Biosafety Manual (3rd Edition)

48
Q

The protocol that provided an international regulatory framework for the 168 member countries on biosafety and biosecurity

A

The 2003 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB)

49
Q

LMOs stand for?

A

Living modified organism

50
Q

Committee in the Philippines that was established under E.O 430, s. 1990

A

National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP)

51
Q

The framework established under E.O 514

A

National Biosafety Framework (NBF)

52
Q

Date of promulgation of the National Biosafety Framework (NBF)

A

March 17, 2006

53
Q

The date the Philippines signed the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

A

May 24, 2000

54
Q

The department that set policies for the importation and release of plant and plant products derived from biotechnology

A

Department of Agriculture

55
Q

The department that set guidelines for assessing the impacts on health of modern biotechnology and its applications

A

Department of Health

56
Q

Professional society for biosafety professionals whose member countries include: Singapore, Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Myanmar

A

Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA)

57
Q

Association that aims to provide a forum for discussions and debates regarding biosafety

A

European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)

57
Q

Association that aims to provide a forum for discussions and debates regarding biosafety

A

European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)

58
Q

Association that aims to assist the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health to create a national policy alongside the health, educational, judicial, executive, and legislative sectors

A

Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity Association (PhBBA)

59
Q

A non-government and non-profit association of the country whose tagline is “assess, mitigate, monitor”

A

Biological Risk Association Philippines (BRAP)

60
Q

Containment practices meant to prevent unintentional exposure to biological agents; “protection of man against the agents”

A

Biosafety

61
Q

Refers to the protection and control of biological agents from the mishandling, theft, or maleficent use of man: “protecting the agents from man”

A

Biosecurity

62
Q

Creator of the biohazard symbol in 1966

A

Charles Baldwin

63
Q

Charles Baldwin’s nature and place of work

A

Environmental health engineer for the Dow Chemical Company

64
Q

Microorganisms that are unlikely to cause human or animal disease; low individual and community risk

A

Risk Group 1

65
Q

Microorganisms are unlikely to cause significant risk; infections are still possible but effective treatments are available; moderate individual risk and limited community risk

A

Risk Group 2

66
Q

Microorganisms are known to cause serious diseases to humans and animals; high individual risk and moderate community risk

A

Risk Group 3

67
Q

Microorganisms are known to cause transmissible life-threatening diseases as treatments are not usually available; high individual and community risk

A

Risk Group 4

68
Q

Laboratory level suited for examining viable microorganisms that are not known to cause diseases (Bacillus subtilis, Naegleria gruberi, canine hepatits virus, etc.); best used for undergraduate and secondary educational training

A

Biosafety Level 1

69
Q

Laboratory level suited for examining indigenous moderate risk agents that have uncertainties to the presence of infectious pathogens (Hepatitis B, HIV, salmonellae, Toxoplasma species, etc); best used for clinical and diagnostic laboratories examining human samples

A

Biosafety Level 2

70
Q

Laboratory level suited for examining indigenous or exotic agents with a potential for respiratory transmission due to the presence of pathogenic aerosols (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Coxiella, etc.); operations must be headed and supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents

A

Biosafety Level 3

71
Q

Laboratory level suited for examining dangerous and exotic agents that can be transmitted through the aerosol route to which they have no available vaccines present (Marburg or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever); usually a separated or isolated laboratory with proper ventilation and waste management systems

A

Biosafety Level 4

PMLS Midterms (2 decks)

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