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Molecular Biology Lab > LABORATORY ACTIVITY 4 > Flashcards

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The ability to measure very small amounts, [?], of liquid chemicals or reagents is a fundamental skill needed in the biotechnology or research lab.

A

microliters (ul)

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2
Q

Scientists use a device called a [?] to measure these very small volumes with accuracy.

A

micropipette

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3
Q

This activity introduces the technique of [?]. Remember, as with all [?], this new skill will require practice and determination. Be sure to operate the [?] slowly and carefully.

A

micropipetting

fine motor spills

micropipette

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4
Q

Pick out a (?) from the rack and bring it to your bench, study it carefully and identify the parts. Draw what you see and include your illustration as part of your output.

A

micropipette

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5
Q

There are several sizes of (?) used in the molecular lab. Today, you will be using the (?).

A

micropipettes

P-1000, P-200, P-20 and P-20

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6
Q

P-1000 measures volumes between (?)

A

100-1000 ul

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7
Q

P-200 measures volumes between (?)

A

20-200 ul

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8
Q

P-20 measures volumes in the (?) range

A

2-20 ul

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9
Q

P-2 measures volumes ?

A

2-0.2 ul

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10
Q

It is important to always pick the correct (?) for the volume to be measured accurately then set the pipette to the indicated amount

A

micropipette

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11
Q
  1. 1.5 uL
A

P-2

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12
Q
  1. 160 uL
A

P - 200

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13
Q
  1. 700 uL
A

P - 1000

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14
Q
  1. 25 uL
A

P - 200

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15
Q
  1. 15 uL
A

P -20

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16
Q

6, 348 uL

A

P - 1000

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17
Q
  1. 6 uL
A

P-20

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18
Q
  1. 100 uL
A

P -1000

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19
Q
  1. 0.4 uL
A

P- 2

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20
Q
  1. 10 uL
A

P -20

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21
Q

Procedure (?)

A

Thermo Fisher Scientific

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22
Q

1.(?) the pipette tip: Aspirate and fully expel an amount of the liquid at least (?) before aspirating for delivery. Failure to pre-wet the tip increases evaporation within the tip air space, which can cause significantly (?) . Pre-wetting increases the humidity within the tip, thus reducing (?).

A

Pre-wet
three times
lower delivery volumes
evaporation

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23
Q
  1. Allow liquids and equipment to equilibrate to (?) prior to pipetting.
A

ambient temperature

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24
Q
  1. Examine the pipette tip for (?). Before dispensing, carefully remove (?) from the outside of the tip by touching off the side of the reservoir.
A

droplets
droplets

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25
Q
  1. Press the plunger to the (?), immerse the tip into the liquid, and aspirate by releasing the plunger. Remove the pipette from the liquid and press the plunger to the (?) to dispense the entire contents.
A

first stop
second stop

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26
Q
  1. Pause consistently. After aspirating, and before removing the tip from the liquid, pause for (?).
A

one second

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27
Q
  1. When aspirating liquid, hold the pipette (?) and pull the pipette straight out from the center of the reservoir.
A

vertically

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28
Q
  1. Hold the pipette (?) and utilize the finger rest. Remember to retum the pipette to the pipette (?) between deliveries. Avoid handling pipette tips or reservoirs with (?).
A

loosely
stand
bare hands

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29
Q
  1. Use the correct (?).
A

immersion depth

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30
Q

Pipette hold vertically, tip immersed about [?] into the liquid.

A

1 cm; 3cm

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31
Q

Pipette held at a 30-40 degree angle, tip immersed about [?] into the liquid.

A

3-4 cm

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32
Q
  1. Use consistent ?
A

plunger force and speed

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33
Q
  1. Repeat this process for the remaining (?).
A

volumes

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34
Q
  1. Be sure to watch your groupmates to provide (?) with their technique.
A

feedback and help

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35
Q

a. 345 mL =.

A

345000 uL

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36
Q

b. 0.54 mL =

A

540 uL

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37
Q

C. 5.2 L=

A

5,200 mL

38
Q

The volume of air displaced corresponds to the selected aspiration volume

A

Air displacement pipettes

39
Q

The piston is within the loaded tip and direct contact with the sample

A

Positive displacement pipettes

40
Q

Easy and quick replacement of pipette tips

A

Air displacement pipettes

41
Q

Reduced risk of contamination

A

Air displacement pipettes

42
Q

Suitable for problematic solutions; viscous, volatile, high density or foaming

A

Positive displacement pipettes

43
Q

Pipetting of problematic solutions; viscous, volatile, high density or foaming

A

Air displacement pipettes

44
Q

Replacing the tip is expensive and time consuming

A

Positive displacement pipettes

45
Q
  1. The pipette should be checked at the(?) for dust and dirt on the outside surfaces of the pipette.
A

beginning of each day

46
Q
  1. Particular attention should be paid to the (?). No other solvents except (?) should be used to clean the pipette.
A

tip cone
70 % ethanol

47
Q
  1. Push and release the knob slowly at all times particularly when working with(?) . Never allow the knob to (?).
A

high viscosity liquids
snap back

48
Q
  1. Make sure that the (?) is firmly attached to the (?). Check for foreign particles in the tip.
A

tip
tip cone

49
Q
  1. Before you begin your actual pipetting work, fill and empty the tip (?) with the solution that you will be pipetting.
A

2-3 times

50
Q
  1. Hold the pipette in an (?) while aspirating liquid. The finger rest should rest on your (?). Make sure that the tips, pipette and solution are at the same temperature.
A

upright position
index finger

51
Q

Aspirate and fully expel an amount of the liquid at least (?) before aspirating for delivery.

A

three times

52
Q

Failure to pre-wet the tip increases (?) within the tip air space, which can cause significantly lower (?).

A

evaporation
delivery volumes

53
Q

Pre-wetting increases the (?) within the tip, thus reducing (?).

A

humidity
evaporation

54
Q

Before dispensing, carefully remove (?) from the outside of the tip by touching off the side of the reservoir, being sure to stay clear of the tip opening to avoid wicking liquid out of the tip.

A

droplets

55
Q

After dispensing, and before releasing the plunger, deliver any (?) remaining in the tip by touching the tip to the side of the container.

A

residual liquid

56
Q

(?) will help draw the remaining liquid out of the tip.

A

Surface tension

57
Q

After aspirating, and before removing the tip from the liquid, pause for (?). Make this pause as consistent as possible.

A

one second

58
Q

Liquid continues to flow into the (?) for a short time after the plunger stops. At the same time, evaporation within the (?) is occurring.

A

tip
tip

59
Q

(?) consistently balances these two effects and ensures correct aspiration.

A

Pausing

60
Q

When aspirating liquid, hold the pipette (?) and pull the pipette straight out from the center of the reservoir.

A

vertically

61
Q

This technique is especially important when pipetting small volumes (?).

A

Remove the pipette straight from the vessel

less than 50μL

62
Q

Holding the pipette at an angle as it is removed from the liquid alters the ?.

A

aspirated volume

63
Q

Hold the pipette (?) and utilize the finger rest.

A

loosely

64
Q

Remember to return the pipette to the pipette (?) between deliveries.

A

stand

65
Q

Avoid handling pipette tips or reservoirs with ?.

A

bare hands

66
Q

(?) transferred during handling disturbs (?), which leads to variations in delivered volume.

A

Body heat
temperature equilibrium

67
Q

Effects of immersing the tip (?) and (?) the pipette are greater with small sample volumes, e.g., using (?) pipette.

A

too deeply
tilting
1-10 ul

68
Q

Allow liquids and equipment to equilibrate to (?) prior to pipetting.

A

ambient temperature

69
Q

The volume of liquid delivered by air displacement pipettes varies with relative (?) of the liquid – both of which are temperature-dependent.

A

humidity and vapor pressure

70
Q

Working at a (?) minimizes variation of pipetted volume.

A

constant temperature

71
Q

Temperature differences cause (?) in the air space.

A

thermal expansion and shrinking

72
Q

After temperature equilibrium, the influencing factor is ?.

A

liquid density

73
Q

Cold liquid is (?) and hot liquid is (?) compared to room temperature liquids.

A

more dense

less dense

74
Q

? are designed to work with their matching pipettes.

A

System tips

75
Q

Mismatched tips and pipettes can result in ?.

A

inaccuracy, imprecision, or both

76
Q

Quality system tips provide an (?) , are made of (?), and are free of (?).

A

airtight seal
superior materials
molding defects

77
Q

A (?) will | dispense all liquid in a tip.

A

smooth inner wall

78
Q

A (?) will hang up liquid in a tip, resulting in poor

A

rough inner wall

79
Q

(?) can hang up liquid, resulting in poor

A

Flash at the orifice

80
Q

They also ensure dependable (?).

A

liquid delivery

81
Q

Tip incorrectly attached

:

A

Defect: Leakage
Solution: Attach firmly

82
Q

Foreign particlesbetween tip and tip cone

A

Defect: Leakage
Solution: Clean tip cones attach new tips

83
Q

Foreign particles between the piston, the O-ring and the cylinder

A

Defect: Leakage
Solution: Clean and grease O-ring and cylinder.

84
Q

Insufficient amount of grease on cylinder and O-ring

A

Defect: Leakage
Solution: Grease accordingly

85
Q

O-ring damaged Incorrect operation

A

Defect: Inaccurate dispensing
Solution: Change the O-ring
Follow instructions carefully
Attach firmly
Recalibrate according to instructions
Recalibrate with the liquids in question

86
Q

Tip incorrectly attached

A

Defect: Inaccurate dispensing
Solution:

87
Q

Calibration altered: caused by misuse, for example

A

Defect: Inaccurate dispensing
Solution:

88
Q

High viscosity liquids may require recalibration

A

Defect: Inaccurate dispensing with certain liquids
Solution:

89
Q

Unsuitable calibration

A

Defect: Inaccurate dispensing with certain liquids
Solution:

90
Q

Defect:
Solution:

A
91
Q

Defect:
Solution:

A

Molecular Biology Lab (5 decks)

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