Labor And IR Flashcards
Middle passage
The part of the Atlantic circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic system
Atlantic system
Ships filled with Slaves and bullion sailed across the Alantic to the Americas
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?
Because of the textile industry and it was an open society
Enclosure movement
Leads to increase agricultural production but the common people lose access to the farmlands. Good and bad
Cotton industry
Was the largest industry, it illustrates the role of mechanization. In the 1760s a series of inventions revolutionized the spinning of cotton
Spinning jenny
1st inventions, it mechanically drew out the Cotten fibers and twisted them into threads. Simple, cheap, and easy to use but the thread was soft and irregular
Water Frame
Created by Richard Arkwright, it produced thread strong enough to be used without linen, larger and complex then the jenny, and required a source of power such as a water wheel.
Mule
Produced a strong thread that was thin enough to be used to make a better type of cotton cloth called muslin. Created by Samuel Crompton.
Cotton Gin
American Eli Whitney created this and it was a simple device that separated the balls or seed pods from the fiber and made cotton growing more economical. Led to slavery and the production of short stapled crops.
Production of iron
Whenever iron was produced deforestation eventually drove up the cost of charcoal and restricted output. It was a rare and valuable metal. Steam engine was a by product.
Abraham Darby
Discovered that coke could be used in place of charcoal
American system of manufacturers
Interchangeae parts manufacturing had been adopted in the manufacture ing of firearms, farm equipment, and sewing machines. Was called this at the crystal palace exhibition
Urban characteristics of IR
Sudden population growth overcrowding and inadequate mancipial services conspired to make urban problems more serious in earlier times
Rural impact of IR
In some industrialization all relieved pressures on the environment in Europe. The most changes were brought by new transportation. The landscape was transforming rapidly than ever before
Thomas Newcomen
Built the 1st crude engine but workable steam engine in 1712
