Labor and Delivery

Question 1

what is phase 0 of labor?

Answer 1

functional quiescence

Question 2

what are the uterine inhibitors in phase 0 of labor?

Answer 2

progesteron relaxin and NO

Question 3

what is phase 1 of labor?

Answer 3

myometrial activation

Question 4

what changes are seen in myometrium in phase 1 of labro?

Answer 4

contraction associated proteins are formed and increased connexin 43 for more gap junctins

Question 5

what is agent that signals for uterus to wake up in phase 1?

Answer 5

uterotropins

Question 6

after uterine wakes up in phase 1 of labor, what happens in phase 2?

Answer 6

uterus is stimulated

Question 7

what things stimulate uterina activity?

Answer 7

prostaglandins E2 nd F2a and oxytocin

Question 8

what must there be for contractions to occur?

Answer 8

Ca2+ intracellular because needed for myosin light chain kinase activiyt

Question 9

what are the seven movements of labor?

Answer 9

engagement
descent
flexion
internal rotation
extension
restitution
expulsion

Question 10

what is definition of engagement in labor?

Answer 10

largest transverse diameter of fetal head passes through the pelvic inlet

Question 11

what are the three lies of babies?

Answer 11

vertex
breech
shoulder

Question 12

what is vertex lie?

Answer 12

head first

Question 13

what is breech lie?

Answer 13

legs/butt first

Question 14

what two lies mean you need c section?

Answer 14

breech and shoulder

Question 15

what is the first stage of labor in the cervix?

Answer 15

ripening/softening of cervix…collagen breaks down and you get dilation and effacement

Question 16

what is second stage of labor?

Answer 16

pushing once complete cervical dilation up until expulsion of baby

Question 17

what is third stage of labor?

Answer 17

expulsion of placenta

Question 18

in intrapartum fetal monitoring, what happens with contractions?

Answer 18

can get decelerations of fetal heart rate

Question 19

what is an early deceleration in intrapartum fetal monitoring associated with?

Answer 19

these are benign…regular autonomic response to compression of fetal head

Question 20

what is a late deceleration in intrapartum fetal monitoring associated with?

Answer 20

reflex to transient hypoxia and is thought to be caused by uteroplacental insufficiency

Question 21

what are variable decelerations in intrapartum fetal monitoring associated with?

Answer 21

cord compressions

Question 22

what is an acceleration in intrapartum fetal monitoring associated with?

Answer 22

normal!!

Question 23

what is the mnemonic to remember the decelerations and associations in intrapartum fetal monitoring?

Answer 23

VEAL-CHOP
Variable decel
Early decel
Accel
Late accel/decel

Cord compression
Head compression
Okay
Placental insufficiency

Question 24

what is the name of the group B strep bug to worry about?

Answer 24

strep agalactiae

Question 25

what do we give to help decrease transmission of GBS?

Answer 25

prophylactic penicillin

Question 26

how does baby get GBS from mom

Answer 26

can be in genital tract and will get it during delivery

Question 27

what are the seven layers of fascia in order that you go through for C section?

Answer 27

``` skin subQ fascia superficial camper and scarpas fascia rectus sheath transversalis fascia peritoneal adipose tissue peritoneum ```

Question 28

what is within the rectus sheath that you go through for C section?

Answer 28

aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle

Question 29

what is used to ripen cervix in induced labor?

Answer 29

PGE2 (dinoprostone) and PGE1 (misoprostil)

Question 30

what is given to induce contractions in labor?

Answer 30

oxytocin

Question 31

what do post term pregnancies have higher risk of?

Answer 31

neonatal mortality