Lab1: Virus Imaging

Question 1

What is the first virus to be discovered?

Answer 1

Tabaco mosaic virus (TVM)

Question 2

What is the main structure of the virus?

Answer 2

Helical structure

Question 3

What is one strand of RNA wrapped around?

Answer 3

A sheath of protein

Question 4

Of what is made the protein coat?

Answer 4

Small proteins that stacks in a cylindrical chimney

Question 5

What are the 4 proteins that encodes the single RNA strand?

Answer 5

-2 that replicate viral RNA
-1 that transports the RNA from cell to cell
-1 capsid protein

Question 6

Does the coat protein needs to be removed once the virus is inside the cell?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Capsid protein releases RNA in a calcium high-level or low-level of calcium?

Answer 7

Low-level (inside the cell)

Question 8

What are the 6 steps for releasing RNA in TMV viruses?

Answer 8

1-capsid protein repel one another in low-calcium conditions inside the cells
2-loosen the first capsid protein
3-Releasing DNA
4-Ribosomes moves down the strand — join amino acids together
5-Create the first set of viral proteins
6-displace the remaining capsid proteins

Question 9

What are the monomer and polymer of nucleic acid?

Answer 9

Monomer: nucleotide
Polymer: nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

Question 10

Where is glycoprotein located on Ebola virus?

Answer 10

Studded on the membrane

Question 11

What is the task of Ebola glycoproteins?

Answer 11

To get Ebola genome inside the cell by binding to receptors on cell surface

Question 12

What is the fundamental structure of a virion?

Answer 12

-nucleic acids
-capsid
-outer envelope

Question 13

What are the 4 types of different capsid a virus could have?

Answer 13

-helical
-icosahedral
-enveloped
-head-and-tail

Question 14

Of what is made the outer envelope of viruses?

Answer 14

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 15

What is the role of glycoproteins?

Answer 15

Attach to the host cell via “viral receptors”’

Question 16

What is the type of bond between nucleotides?

Answer 16

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 17

What is the 3 fundamental structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 17

-Nitrogenous base (contain carbon and nitrogen)
-Pentose (five-carbon) Sugar (Deoxyribose for DNA, Ribose for RNA)
-Phosphate group

Question 18

What is the particularity with RNA viruses?

Answer 18

They must encode their own enzymes that can replicate RNA

Question 19

What qualify the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 19

Sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 20

What is usually the first amino acid?

Answer 20

Methionine

Question 21

What is the key function of the secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 21

Hydrogen bonds between backbone CO and NH — twist the polypeptides chain in two

Question 22

What are the 2 main structure of the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 22

-ALPHA helix
-Beta pleated sheet

Question 23

What is the main diffference between an alpha helix and a beta pleated sheet?

Answer 23

In alpha helix amino acids are oriented in the same direction while in beta pleated sheet they are oriented in opposite direction

Question 24

What qualifies the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 24

H bonds between R groups

Question 25

What is the dimension of the tertiary structure of protein and why?

Answer 25

Unique tree dimensional structure due to the chemical interactions on the polypeptide chain (HYDROPHOBIC interactions)

Question 26

What qualifies the quaternary structure?

Answer 26

The H bonds between R groups of different polypeptide

Question 27

Dénaturation affect what structure of the protein?

Answer 27

2 and 3

Question 28

Dissociation affect what structure of the proteins?

Answer 28

4