Lab values - Per Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoglobin – Hgb

A

+ Red blood cell
+ oxygen carrier/transporter
+ increased = dehydration, Burns, COPD
+ decreased = anemia, hemorrhage

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2
Q

Hematocrit – Hct

A

+ Proportion of blood composed of RBC
+ increased = dehydration, heart failure, smoking
+ decreased = anemia, loss of blood

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3
Q

Platelet count – PLT

A

Essential for normal blood clotting
+ increased = cancer, anemia, TB
+ decreased = viral infections, HIT, sepsis

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4
Q

BUN - blood urea nitrogen
& creatinine

A

Indicates kidney function
+ increase =
Kidney problems
+ decrease = malnutrition

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5
Q

Hgb A1c – hemoglobin A1c

A

+ Average blood sugar saturation on Hgb molecule over the course of 120 days, NOT O2 saturation
+ Patient cannot lie to us

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6
Q

PTH – parathyroid hormone

A

+ If calcium in blood is lowered, hormone stimulates bone to promote osteoclastic activity and release calcium into the blood, raising calcium levels

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7
Q

Calcium – Ca

A

+ Indicates conditions relating to bones, heart, nerves, kidneys, teeth
+ increase = Hypothyroidism, cancer, TB
+ decrease = liver disease, mal nutrition

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8
Q

C reactive protein – CRP

A

+ Indicates inflammation – bodies fight against illness, injury
+ increased = inflammation, cancer, auto immune diseases

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9
Q

ESR – erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

+ Measures degree of inflammation in body
+ NOT specific about where inflammation is coming from
+ increase = inflammation, anemia

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10
Q

MRI – magnetic resonance imaging

A

+ Mostly for detection of cancer, internal bleeding, clots, fractures
+ NO METAL ALLOWED
+ no radiation involved

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11
Q

CT scan – computerized axial tomography

A

+ Cross-sectional images of different parts of body
+ mostly used to find anomalies in brain, spinal cord, tumors, cysts
+ may include IV contrast
+ ASK ABOUT ALLERGIES TO IODINE AND SHELLFISH
+ ASSESS KIDNEY FUNCTION

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12
Q

What is an “IV contrast” for

A

+ Given during CT scan by IV to check for diseases in body
+ ASK FOR ALLERGIES – iodine, shellfish – ask!
+ VERY HARD on kidneys, patient must have a good kidney function to metabolize and clear the body from IV contrast dye!
+ Must look at kidney function labs: Bunn, creatinine, GFR

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13
Q

ABG – arterial blood gas

A

+ Only blood test for oxygenation
+ indicates lung function
+ decrease = SOB, cough, confusion, cyanosis

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14
Q

What is the relevance between anemia, RBCs, and O2 capacity

A

RBCs only live 120 days
+ if patient is anemic they will have POOR O2 capacity
+ takes longer to build up again (RNBs and O2 capacity)

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15
Q

Which mineral is most common in the body

A

Calcium – 99%

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16
Q

Regulates protein metabolism

A

Glucocorticoids

17
Q

Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus

18
Q

Works closely with calcium to build strong bones and teeth

A

Phosphorus

19
Q

Decreases high serum calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption And increasing excretion of calcium & phosphorus

A

Calcitonin

20
Q

Responsible for increasing bone length

A

Growth hormone

21
Q

Hormone that raises calcium levels by stimulating bone to promote osteoclastic activity (which releases calcium)

A

Parathyroid hormone

22
Q

Increases bone mass through anabolism

23
Q

Stimulates osteoblastic activity and inhibits PTH - parathyroid hormone

24
Q

Increases rate of proteins synthesis in tissues and bones

25
Works with growth hormone to build and maintain healthy bone tissue
Insulin
26
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
27
Bone destroying cells
Osteoclasts