Lab Values Lecture Flashcards
BMP are tests for (4)
- Blood Glucose
- Acid/Base balance
- Kidney function
- Electrolyte imbalance
CMP tests for (6)
- Blood Glucose
- Acid/Base balance
- Kidney Function
- Electrolyte Imbalance
-Blood Proteins
-Liver function
Glucose
What is the normal range?
What was this blood test measure
70-110 mg/dL
Direct measurement of blood glucose level
What does Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c test for?
What is the range for:
Normal-
Good-
Fair-
Poor-
The average blood glucose level for the last 3 months. The test monitors the treatment of diabetes
Normal: 4-5.9%
Good: <7%
Fair: 8-9%
Poor: >9%
Sodium (Na+)
Normal Range? (sODDium)
What is special about sodium?
135-145 mEq/L
Major cation in the extracellular space
Potassium (K+)
Normal Range? (Bananas)
Why is Potassium important? (2)
3.5-5.1 mEq/L
K+ is important to cardiac function
Major cation within the cell
Chloride(Cl-)
Normal range? (Hot Tub)
What is important to know about Cl- (2)
98-109 mEq/L
Major extracellular anion
Usually follows N+ (Sodium Chloride Table Salt)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
What is the normal range?
What is the critical value?
What is the role of bicarbonate?
20-30 mEq/L
<6mEq/L
Major role in acid/base balance
Calcium (Ca2+)
What is the normal range?
What is calcium important for
7.6-10.4 mg/dL
Parathyroid function, calcium metabolism
What does CBC mean? what do CBC test for? (9)
CBC: Complete Blood Count
Hgb: O2 carrying protein
Hct: Packed volume of RBCs, % of total volume
MCV: Cell size (normocytic, macro and micro)
MCH: Amount of Hgb per cell
MCHC: Hgb/Hct per 100mL/RBCs
RDW: Red cell distribution width
Platelet: # of plt. per cc/blood
WBC: # of white cells per mL/blood
Erythrocyte Count (RBC)
What is the function of the RBC?
What is the Normal Range?
RBC count: the number of circulating RBCs in 1mm3 of blood
Carry oxygen
Contain Hemoglobin molecules
3.89-5.40M/uL
RBC Indices: (4)
MCV: 80-95 fL
RDW: 11-14.5%
MCH: 27-31 pg
MCHC: 32-36 g/dL
RBC,HgB,Hct all have common high and lows, what are they? (4)(14)
High: congenital heart disease, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, polycythemia vera, severe dehydration
Low: anemia, hemoglobinopathy, cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, dietary deficiency, bone marrow failure, prosthetic valves, renal disease, normal pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, lymphoma, leukemia, Hodgkin disease
What does hemoglobin (Hgb or Hb) measure?
What is the normal range? (What is the lifespan of globins?)
In depth description of what patient?
Measurements of the total Hemoglobin in the blood.
Normal Range: 12-16g/dL
Anemic patients
Hematocrit (Hct) measures what?
Normal Range:
Critical Values:
-Indirect measurement of RBC number and volume (% of blood made up by RBC)
-Part of routine testing and anemia eval.
-Normal: 37.0%-47.0%
Critical values <15% or >60%
What affects Hct values?
-Gender and Age
-Specifically, Women have lower Hct and continues to lower with age.
Anemia: (5)
-Decrease in number of RBC’s (erythrocytes)
-Impaired RBC production
-Blood loss
-RBC destruction
-Combination of all 3
Platelet Count (Thrombocytes)
What does this measure and formed where?
Platelet function?
Normal Count:
-Actual count of the number of platelets (thrombocytes) per cubic milliliter of blood
-Formed in the bone marrow
- Platelets form clots
Normal Count: 150,000
High platelet count is called
and their counts:(2)
Low platelet count is called
and their counts:
- H: Thrombocytosis
Counts >1 million = risk of clotting
Counts >600,000 = potential for problems - L: Thrombocytopenia
Counts below 50,000 = significant bleeding
Do NOT give your patient Lovenox or Enoxaparin if their Platelet count is?
100,000
these are both anti-platelet medications.
Total WBC’s (leukocytes) measures? (3)
Normal Range:
-Measurement of total WBC count
-Part of routine testing on CBC
-White cell differential count
percentage of each type of leukocyte present in the specimen
Normal Range: 3.6-10.8K/uL
Phosphorus (P)
What is the normal range?
What is the role of phosphorus
3.0-4.5 m/DL
Assists in the interpretation of parathyroid and calcium abnormalites
High WBC count is called?
Low WBC count is called?
H: Leukocytosis (Infection, inflammation , sepsis, trauma)
L: Leukopenia (Bone marrow failure, chemo, radiation, overwhelming infection and autoimmune disease)
Magnesium (Mg-)
What is the normal range?
Where is it found? (MagKNEEium)
What is the role of Mg?
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Found intracellularly, around half of it in the bone
Important in calcium metabolism and closely tied to calcium levels
Measurement of Each WBC type in the blood is called?
Normal Values of each? (5)
WBC Differential
Neutrophils: 50-70%
Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-8%
Eosinophils: 1-4%
Basophils : 0.5-1.0%