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Acute Care Module 1 > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of a basic metabolic panel? (BMP)

A
  1. Na and Cl
  2. K
  3. HCO3
  4. BUN
  5. Creatinine
  6. glucose
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2
Q

what is sodium’s role in the body

A

major positive ion in the extracellular fluid

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3
Q

what happens to the body during hypernatremia or hyponatremia?

A

cognitive changes

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4
Q

what happens during hyper/hypokalemia?

A

muscle weakness and irritability most notably and importantly in the heart. Critical values contraindicate PT due to risk of arrhythmia and tetany

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5
Q

what is BUN?

A

blood urea nitrogen - breakdown product of protein

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6
Q

what is serum creatinine

A

byproduct of creatine -> muscle metabolism

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7
Q

what do BUN and serum creatinine tell you?

A

how the kidneys are working

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8
Q

what is normal adult fasting glucose?

A

70-100 mg/dL

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9
Q

what is older adult (>60) fasting glucose?

A

80-110 mg/dL

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10
Q

what is normal Hb A1C

A

4-6%

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11
Q

what Hb A1C is considered poor glucose control

A

> 7%

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12
Q

what do you do if your patients glucose is too low?

A

15:15 rule - give the pt 15g sugar, wait 15, repeat if needed, wait 15, if it doesnt rise then talk to nurse, if it does then proceed with tx

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13
Q

what is the alert value for low plasma glucose?

A

<70 mg/dL

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14
Q

what usually has 15 g sugar that you would give your pt for 15:15 rule

A

6-7 hard candies, 1/2 cup fruit/juice/soda

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15
Q

what is defined as hyperglycemia in the hospital setting

A

> 140 mg/dL

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16
Q

what are symptoms of hyperglycemia?

A

tiredness, malaise, fruity breath, headache

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17
Q

what is a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)?

A

BMP plus liver tests (bilirubin, total protein, albumin, ammonia, and serum enzymes)

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18
Q

what are common liver panel items on the CMP?

A

bilirubin, total protein, albumin, ammonia, and serum enzymes

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19
Q

what does low serum prealbumin indicate?

A

protein depletion - may make the pt feel weak

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20
Q

what are the items on a CBC?

A

WBC count and differential, Hgb, Hct, and platelets

21
Q

what is hematocrit (Hct)

A

percentage of RBCs in whole blood

22
Q

what usually causes high hematocrit

A

polycythemia, severe dehydration, acclimatization to altitude, or tobacco use

23
Q

what usually causes low hematocrit

A

anemia from blood loss or hemodilution

24
Q

what usually causes high Hb?

A

chronic hypoxia and high altitude

25
Q

what usually causes low Hb?

A

cancer and blood loss

26
Q

what is normal female hematocrit?

A

36-47

27
Q

what is normal male hematocrit?

A

41-51

28
Q

what is the alert value for hematocrit?

A

<25

29
Q

what is normal female Hb?

A

12-16

30
Q

what is normal male Hb?

A

14-17

31
Q

what is the alert value for Hb?

A

<8

32
Q

what is normal adult female WBC

A

3900-10700

33
Q

what is normal adult male WBC

A

4500-11000

34
Q

what is considered leukopenia values? why does this matter for us?

A

WBC <1000 - the patient usually wears a protective mask

35
Q

what is considered neutropenia values?

A

WBC <1000 and ANC <500

36
Q

what is normal adult platelet count?

A

150,000 - 400,000

37
Q

what is the alert value for platelets?

A

< 20,000

38
Q

what value is considered for thrombocytopenia

A

platelets < 140,000

39
Q

what value is considered for throbocytosis

A

platelets > 400,000

40
Q

what three tests are considered for a coagulation profile

A

aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), PT, and INR (internation normalized ratios)

41
Q

what lab value monitors warfarin (coumadin) administration? reference range?

A

INR (0.9-1.1)

42
Q

what is the therapeutic range for administration of coumadin and how long does it take to achieve?

A

2.0-3.0 achieved in 2-5 days

43
Q

when is it safe to mobilize a patient on warfarin/coumadin in the presence of a DVT?

A

when INR is in the therapeutic range

44
Q

what is the lab value, reference range, therapeutic range, and safety parameters surrounding unfractionated heparin administration?

A
  • PTT
  • 24-36 seconds
  • PTT 2-3x upper limit of normal
  • when in therapeutic range
45
Q

what is the lab value, reference range, and safety parameters surrounding administration of low molecular weight heparin (lovenox)

A
  • not routinely measured

- safe to mobilize 3-5 hours after 1st injection administered

46
Q

what is the lab value, reference range, and safety parameters surrounding administration of fondaparinux?

A
  • not routinely measured

- 1.7 hours after 1st injection administered

47
Q

what is an SCD and what does it do

A

sequential compression device: provides intermittant pressure to LE to prevent DVT and VTE

48
Q

should you take off SCDs during a tx session?

A

yes, they are worn when the pt is in bed or sitting in a chair, but can be taken off and put back on for PT

49
Q

when is an SCD contraindicated

A
  1. area of known DVT
  2. area of acute cellulitis
  3. over fx or open wound

Acute Care Module 1 (6 decks)

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