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Acute Care Module 1 > Infectious Disease and PPE > Flashcards

Infectious Disease and PPE Flashcards

1
Q

what three items are considered the body’s first line defense?

A

skin, conjunctiva, and mucus membranes

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2
Q

what are the body’s two second line defenses?

A

innate immunity (phagocytes, NK, complement) and inflammation

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3
Q

what are the body’s three third line defenses?

A

B, T, and Ab

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4
Q

Rough frequency of HAI

A

1 in 31

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5
Q

what can be the earliest sign of acute infxn in the older population, why?

A

confusion/lethargy due to impaired thermoregulation, NSAIDs, corticosteroids

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6
Q

define immunocompromised

A

immune sys INCAPABLE of mounting a normal response

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7
Q

define immunodeficient

A

decreased/compromised immune response

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8
Q

what causes immunosuppression

A

drugs and radiation

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9
Q

what are the six points along the chain of infection

A
  1. infectious agent 2. reservoir 3. exit portal 4. transmission 5. entry portal 6. susceptible host
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10
Q

which of the following is not considered a standard transmission medium: blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, sweat, nonintact skin, mucous membranes

A

sweat

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11
Q

describe the four step donning procedure

A
  1. gown 2. mask 3. shield/goggles 4. gloves
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12
Q

what pathogens require airborne precautions? (4)

A

measles, varicella, TB, covid aerosolizing procedure

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13
Q

t/f: a patient under airborne precautions must remain in their room for treatment

A

F: they can be transported out of the room with a mask, although treating in the room is much safer for everyone

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14
Q

what pathogens require droplet precautions? (7)

A

dipht, mycoplasma pneumonia, pertussis, influenza, mumps, rubella, covid non aerosol or PUI

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15
Q

what is standard PPE for airborne precautions?

A

N95 or greater, pt is in a private room, door closed, with negative pressure, pt wears a mask out of the room

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16
Q

what is standard PPE for droplet?

A

mask when working within 3 ft and pt wears a mask out of the room

17
Q

what pathogens require contact precautions (4) (enteric precautions?(2))

A

MRSA, VRE, ESBL, Hep A c diff and noro

18
Q

what is standard PPE for contact precautions

A

gown and gloves before entering room

19
Q

what common pathology can reverse isolate?

A

MRSA patients can be taken out of the room if under contact precautions

20
Q

T/F: c diff or noro patients can be treated outside of their room

A

False, enteric precaution patients must remain in their room

21
Q

What is the timeframe after receiving chemo to consider chemo precautions?

A

within 48 hours of treatment

22
Q

what is proper PPE when handling body fluids of a chemo patient?

A

double glove and gown

23
Q

soiled chemo items should be placed where?

A

in the yellow bin

24
Q

How does toileting a chemo patient differ from other patients?

A

ultrasorb facedown over the toilet and flush twice

25
Q

what are three considerations for neutropenic patients?

A
  1. no fresh produce/flowers 2. the patient must wear a mask outside of their room 3. the door to their room must remain shut
26
Q

what are five microbiological sources to dx infection disease?

A
  1. sputum 2. urine 3. feces 4. wounds 5. CSF
27
Q

whats a thoracocentesis

A

body fluid analysis from the pleural space

28
Q

what a pericardiocentesis

A

body fluid taken from the pericardium aka pericardial effusion

29
Q

whats a paracentesis

A

body fluid analysis taken from the abdomen

30
Q

how does MRSA transmit

A

person to person contact or person-object-person contact

31
Q

what are RFs for HA-MRSA (4)

A
  1. current/recent hospitalization 2. LTC resident 3. invasive devices 4. recent fluoroquinolones or csporins
32
Q

what are RFs for CA-MRSA (6)

A
  1. young age 2. contact sports 3. sharing towels/equipment 4. weakened immune system 5. squalor 6. contact with HC workers
33
Q

what are sxs of MRSA

A

small red bumps that resemble pimples/boils/spider bites —> deep painful abscess that requires surgical draining

34
Q

What is VRE resistant to and where is the bacteria normally found?

A

vancomycin and ampicillin - GI tract and female repro tract

Acute Care Module 1 (6 decks)

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