Infectious Disease and PPE Flashcards
what three items are considered the body’s first line defense?
skin, conjunctiva, and mucus membranes
what are the body’s two second line defenses?
innate immunity (phagocytes, NK, complement) and inflammation
what are the body’s three third line defenses?
B, T, and Ab
Rough frequency of HAI
1 in 31
what can be the earliest sign of acute infxn in the older population, why?
confusion/lethargy due to impaired thermoregulation, NSAIDs, corticosteroids
define immunocompromised
immune sys INCAPABLE of mounting a normal response
define immunodeficient
decreased/compromised immune response
what causes immunosuppression
drugs and radiation
what are the six points along the chain of infection
- infectious agent 2. reservoir 3. exit portal 4. transmission 5. entry portal 6. susceptible host
which of the following is not considered a standard transmission medium: blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, sweat, nonintact skin, mucous membranes
sweat
describe the four step donning procedure
- gown 2. mask 3. shield/goggles 4. gloves
what pathogens require airborne precautions? (4)
measles, varicella, TB, covid aerosolizing procedure
t/f: a patient under airborne precautions must remain in their room for treatment
F: they can be transported out of the room with a mask, although treating in the room is much safer for everyone
what pathogens require droplet precautions? (7)
dipht, mycoplasma pneumonia, pertussis, influenza, mumps, rubella, covid non aerosol or PUI
what is standard PPE for airborne precautions?
N95 or greater, pt is in a private room, door closed, with negative pressure, pt wears a mask out of the room
what is standard PPE for droplet?
mask when working within 3 ft and pt wears a mask out of the room
what pathogens require contact precautions (4) (enteric precautions?(2))
MRSA, VRE, ESBL, Hep A c diff and noro
what is standard PPE for contact precautions
gown and gloves before entering room
what common pathology can reverse isolate?
MRSA patients can be taken out of the room if under contact precautions
T/F: c diff or noro patients can be treated outside of their room
False, enteric precaution patients must remain in their room
What is the timeframe after receiving chemo to consider chemo precautions?
within 48 hours of treatment
what is proper PPE when handling body fluids of a chemo patient?
double glove and gown
soiled chemo items should be placed where?
in the yellow bin
How does toileting a chemo patient differ from other patients?
ultrasorb facedown over the toilet and flush twice
what are three considerations for neutropenic patients?
- no fresh produce/flowers 2. the patient must wear a mask outside of their room 3. the door to their room must remain shut
what are five microbiological sources to dx infection disease?
- sputum 2. urine 3. feces 4. wounds 5. CSF
whats a thoracocentesis
body fluid analysis from the pleural space
what a pericardiocentesis
body fluid taken from the pericardium aka pericardial effusion
whats a paracentesis
body fluid analysis taken from the abdomen
how does MRSA transmit
person to person contact or person-object-person contact
what are RFs for HA-MRSA (4)
- current/recent hospitalization 2. LTC resident 3. invasive devices 4. recent fluoroquinolones or csporins
what are RFs for CA-MRSA (6)
- young age 2. contact sports 3. sharing towels/equipment 4. weakened immune system 5. squalor 6. contact with HC workers
what are sxs of MRSA
small red bumps that resemble pimples/boils/spider bites —> deep painful abscess that requires surgical draining
What is VRE resistant to and where is the bacteria normally found?
vancomycin and ampicillin - GI tract and female repro tract
